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ACROSS SESSIONS
- Subject Index: Since 1995
- Bills & Resolutions: Since 1994
- Summaries: Since 1994
Developed and maintained by the Division of Legislative Automated Systems.
1995 SESSION
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That §§ 55-114.1, 55-115, 55-123, 55-125, 55-125.1, 55-126, 55-127, 55-129, 55-130, 55-131, 55-132, 55-134, 55-134.1, 55-134.2, 55-135, 55-137.1 and 55-137.2 of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted as follows:
§ 55-114.1. Acknowledgments by persons subject to Uniform Code of Military Justice; validation of certain acknowledgments.
Such court or clerk shall also admit any such writing to record as to any person whose name is signed thereto and who at the time of such acknowledgment:
(1) Was a member of any of the armed forces of the United States, wherever they may have been, or
(2) Was employed by, or accompanying such armed forces outside the United States and outside the Canal Zone, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Virgin Islands, or
(3) Was subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice of the United States
outside of the United States, upon the certificate of any person authorized
to take acknowledgments under § 936 (a) of Title 10 of United States Code
Annotated as that section existed on October 30, 1963 amended.
Such certification shall be in substantially the same form as required by § 55-115 of this Code.
Any acknowledgment heretofore taken before July 1, 1995, which
is in substantial conformity with this section is hereby ratified, validated
and confirmed.
§ 55-115. Acknowledgments taken before commissioned officers in military service.
Such court or clerk shall also admit any such writing to record as to any person whose name is signed thereto who at the time of such acknowledgment was in active service in the armed forces of the United States, or as to the consort of such person, upon the certificate of any commissioned officer of the army, navy, marine corps, coast guard, any state national guard that is federally recognized or other branch of the service of which such person is a member, that such writing had been acknowledged before him by such person. Such certificate shall be written upon or annexed to such writing and shall be substantially to the following effect:
In the army (or navy, etc.) of the United States.
I, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , a commissioned officer of the army (or navy, marine corps, coast guard or other branch of service) of the United States with the rank of lieutenant (or ensign or other appropriate rank) whose home address is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , do certify that E.F. (or E.F. and G.H., and so forth), whose name (or names) is (or are) signed to the writing above (or hereto annexed), bearing date on the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . day of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , and who, or whose consort, is a private (corporal, seaman, captain or other grade or rank) in the army (or navy, etc.) of the United States, and whose home address is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , has (or have) acknowledged the same before me.
Given under my hand this . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . day of . . . . . . . . . . .
Such acknowledgment may be taken at any place where the officer taking the acknowledgment and the person whose name is signed to the writing may be. Such commissioned officer may take the acknowledgment of any person in any branch of the armed forces of the United States, or the consort of such person.
Every acknowledgment executed prior to January 1, 1972 July 1,
1995, in substantial compliance with the provisions of this section is
hereby validated, ratified and confirmed, notwithstanding any error or
omission with respect to any address, grade or rank.
§ 55-123. Validation of acknowledgments when seal not affixed.
When a certificate of acknowledgment was made prior to January 1,
1989 July 1, 1995, to any instrument in writing required by this
chapter to be acknowledged and the notary or other official whether of this
or some other state taking same failed to affix his official seal to such
certificate of acknowledgment when a seal was necessary, the certificate of
acknowledgment shall be as valid for all purposes as if such seal had been
affixed, and the deed shall be, and shall since such date have been, notice
to all persons as effectually as if such seal had been affixed, provided that
such acknowledgment was in other respects sufficient.
§ 55-125. Acknowledgment taken by trustee in deed of trust; later date.
Any certificate of acknowledgment of any deed of trust, taken and certified
prior to January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by a person named as
trustee therein who was, at the time of taking the acknowledgment, an officer
authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, is declared to be as
valid and of the same force and effect as if such person had not been a
trustee in the deed of trust. Subject to the provisions of § 55-106.2,
however, this section shall not affect any right or remedy of any third
party, which accrued after the recordation of the deed of trust and before
January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995.
§ 55-125.1. Certain acknowledgments taken and certified before July 1, 1995.
All certificates of acknowledgments to deeds and other writings, taken and
certified prior to January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by
commissioners of deeds of states other than Virginia, appointed or
commissioned by the governor of such state, and by notaries public appointed
or commissioned by the Governor of Virginia, or appointed or commissioned
under the laws of any state other than this Commonwealth, or any other
officer authorized under this chapter to take and certify acknowledgments of
deeds and other writings, which omit the citation of the date of the deed or
certificate where it is clear from the content of the entire certificate and
the instrument which has been acknowledged that the identity of the
instrument or the certificate is the same, or if it can reasonably be
inferred from the certificate of the person recording the instrument or other
writing that the certificate refers to the same instrument, shall be held and
the same hereby declared valid and effective in all respects, if otherwise
valid according to the law then in force, or otherwise appear valid upon
their face, and all such deeds and other writings which have been admitted to
record in any clerk's office in the Commonwealth upon such certificates shall
be held to be duly and regularly recorded if such recordation be otherwise
valid according to the law then in force.
§ 55-126. Acknowledgments taken by certain justices of the peace, mayors, etc.
All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken and
certified prior to January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by justices of
the peace, mayors of cities or towns and police justices and civil and police
justices who by virtue of their offices had the powers and authority of
justices of the peace, when such justices of the peace, mayors, police
justices or civil and police justices are designated in the certificates of
acknowledgments as mayors, police justices or civil and police justices shall
be held, and the same are hereby declared, valid and effective in all
respects, if otherwise valid according to the law then in force.
§ 55-127. Acknowledgments taken by officers after expiration of terms.
All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken and
certified prior to January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by
commissioners of deeds of states other than Virginia, appointed or
commissioned by the governor of such state, and by notaries public appointed
or commissioned by the Governor of Virginia, or appointed or commissioned
under the laws of any state other than this Commonwealth, or any other
officer authorized under this chapter to take and certify acknowledgments to
deeds and other writings who took and certified such acknowledgments after
their term of office had expired, shall be held and the same are hereby
declared valid and effective in all respects, if otherwise valid according to
the law then in force or appear to be valid upon their face; and all such
deeds and other writings which have been admitted to record in any clerk's
office in the Commonwealth upon such certificates shall be held to be duly
and regularly recorded if such recordation be otherwise valid according to
the law then in force.
§ 55-129. Acknowledgments before foreign officials who failed to affix seals.
All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings made and
certified prior to January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, before
officials in any foreign country authorized by law to take and certify such
acknowledgments, to which such officials failed to affix their official
seals, shall be held, and the same are hereby declared, valid and effective
in all respects if otherwise valid according to the law then in force.
§ 55-130. Acknowledgments taken by notaries in foreign countries.
All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken and
certified prior to January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by notaries
public residing in foreign countries shall be held, and the same are hereby
declared, valid and effective in all respects, if otherwise valid according
to the law then in force.
§ 55-131. Acknowledgments taken by officer who was husband or wife of grantee.
Any certificate of acknowledgment to a deed or other writings taken prior to
January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by a notary public or other
officer duly authorized to take acknowledgments, who at the time of taking
such acknowledgment was the husband or wife of the grantee in the deed or
other instrument, shall be held, and the same is hereby declared, valid and
effective in all respects, if otherwise valid according to the law then in
force. All acknowledgments of conveyances to a fiduciary taken before an
officer, who is the husband or wife of the same and who has no beneficial or
monetary interest other than possible commissions or legal fees shall be
conclusively presumed valid.
§ 55-132. Acknowledgment when notary certifies erroneously as to expiration of commission.
All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken and
certified prior to January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by a notary
public appointed or commissioned by the Governor, or appointed or
commissioned under the laws of any state other than the Commonwealth of
Virginia, who mistakenly or by error certified that his commission had
expired at the time he made such certificate, when in fact his commission had
not at that time expired, shall be held, and the same are hereby declared,
valid and effective in all respects if otherwise valid according to the law
of the Commonwealth then in force, and the date and life of the notary's
commission may be proved aliunde his certificate in any proceeding in which
the capacity or authority of such notary is or shall be questioned; and all
such deeds and other writings which have been admitted to record in any
clerk's office in the Commonwealth, upon such certificates, shall be held to
be duly and regularly recorded if such recordation be otherwise valid
according to the law then in force.
§ 55-134. Acknowledgments taken before notary whose commission has expired; later date; intervening vested rights saved.
All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken and
certified prior to January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by notaries
public appointed or commissioned by the Governor, who took and certified such
acknowledgments after their term of office had expired, shall be held, and
the same are hereby declared, valid and effective in all respects, if
otherwise valid according to the law then in force, and all such deeds and
other writings which have been admitted to record in any clerk's office in
the Commonwealth upon such certificates shall be held to be duly and
regularly recorded, if such recordation be otherwise valid according to the
law then in force; however, nothing in this section shall be so construed as
to affect any intervening vested rights.
§ 55-134.1. Acknowledgments taken before notary who was appointed but failed to qualify; vested rights saved.
All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken and
certified prior to January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by a person
who was appointed as a notary public by the Governor but who failed to
qualify as provided by law shall be held, and the same are hereby declared
valid and effective in all respects, if otherwise valid, and all such deeds
and other writings which have been admitted to record in any clerk's office
in the Commonwealth upon such certificates shall be held to be duly and
regularly recorded, if such recordation be otherwise valid according to law;
however, nothing in this section shall be so construed as to affect any
intervening vested rights.
§ 55-134.2. Acknowledgments taken before a notary at large who failed to cite the jurisdiction in which the acknowledgment was taken; vested rights saved.
All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken and
certified prior to January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by a person
who was appointed a notary public for the Commonwealth at large by the
Governor, but who failed to include in such certificates of acknowledgment
the city or county in which the notarial act was performed, shall be held,
and the same are hereby declared, valid and effective in all respects, if
otherwise valid, and all such deeds and other writings which have been
admitted to record in any clerk's office in the Commonwealth upon such
certificates shall be held to be duly and regularly recorded, if such
recordation be otherwise valid according to law; however, nothing in this
section shall be so construed as to affect any intervening vested rights.
§ 55-135. Deeds defectively executed by corporation.
Any deed of conveyance of real estate executed in Virginia prior to
January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by a corporation of this
Commonwealth, when the certificate of acknowledgment of such deed fails to
state the representative capacity of the party signing the same for the
corporation, shall be held and the same is hereby declared a valid and
effective conveyance in every respect, if otherwise valid according to the
law in force at the time the deed was executed, if such corporation, since
making such conveyance has been dissolved or otherwise gone out of existence.
§ 55-137.1. Recordation certificate not signed by clerk.
All deeds, orders of probate, fiduciary accounts and all other papers and
writings received prior to January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, by any
clerk of any court of this Commonwealth and transcribed, or purported to be
transcribed, in the proper book or books in such clerk's office provided by
law for the transcribing and recordation of such deeds, orders of probate,
fiduciary accounts or other papers and writings, the certificate of receipt
and of recordation of which had not received the attesting signature of such
clerk on the date aforesaid, and which had not on such date been verified as
required by § 17-77, shall prima facie be, and deemed to be, as truly
received, recorded and verified as if the same had been so attested by the
signature of such clerk.
Every clerk of any court of this Commonwealth, in whose office any such deed, order of probate, fiduciary account or other paper or writing as is mentioned in the preceding paragraph has been transcribed upon the proper book or books in such office, provided by law therefor, and which transcription has not received the attesting signature of the clerk who recorded the same, upon production before such clerk of the original of such deed, order of probate, fiduciary account or paper or writing shall verify the accuracy of such transcription by a careful examination and comparison of such transcription with the original paper so recorded and thereupon the clerk shall attest such transcription by signing thereto the name of the clerk who received the original paper for record and his own name as follows:
"Teste . . . . . . . ., former clerk per
. . . . . . . ., his successor."
And the clerk shall likewise note such verification and the date thereof upon the margin of the record. For such service the clerk shall receive a fee of twenty-five cents, to be paid by the person for whose benefit the service was performed, and the record, so certified and verified, shall have the same effect as if it had been properly certified and verified by the clerk who received the same and who should have so certified and verified the same.
This section shall have a retroactive effect.
§ 55-137.2. Same; when clerk has died.
Any deed or other instrument or writing spread before January 1,
1989 July 1, 1995, upon the proper deed book in the clerk's office
of the circuit court of any county or any court of record of any city, when
the clerk of such court failed to sign the certificate of recordation thereof
and afterwards died and any will or other instrument or writing spread before
January 1, 1989 July 1, 1995, upon the proper will book in any
such clerk's office, when such clerk failed to sign the certificate of
probate and recordation thereof and afterwards died shall be as valid, and of
the same force and effect, as if such certificate of recordation, or
certificate of probate and recordation, had been signed by such clerk at the
time such deed, will or other instrument or writing was so spread of record.