SEARCH SITE
VIRGINIA LAW PORTAL
- Code of Virginia
- Virginia Administrative Code
- Constitution of Virginia
- Charters
- Authorities
- Compacts
- Uncodified Acts
- RIS Users (account required)
SEARCHABLE DATABASES
- Bills & Resolutions
session legislation - Bill Summaries
session summaries - Reports to the General Assembly
House and Senate documents - Legislative Liaisons
State agency contacts
ACROSS SESSIONS
- Subject Index: Since 1995
- Bills & Resolutions: Since 1994
- Summaries: Since 1994
Developed and maintained by the Division of Legislative Automated Systems.
2018 SESSION
18107836DBe it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That §§ 16.1-69.9, 16.1-69.9:1, 16.1-69.9:4, 17.1-303, 17.1-400, 17.1-501, 17.1-509, 17.1-512, and 63.2-1515 of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted as follows:
§ 16.1-69.9. Judges in office continued; terms of judges; how elected or appointed.
Every judge or justice and every associate, assistant and substitute judge or justice of a court not of record in office January 1, 1973, shall continue in office as a judge or substitute judge of such court under its designation as a general district court or juvenile and domestic relations district court until the expiration of the term for which he was appointed or elected, or until a vacancy shall occur in his office or until a successor shall be appointed or elected, whichever is the latter.
Upon the expiration of such terms, or when a vacancy occurs, successors shall be elected only as authorized pursuant to §§ 16.1-69.10 and 16.1-69.14 and for the term and in the manner following:
(a), (a1) [Repealed.]
(b) 1. With respect to terms expiring on or
after July 1, 1980, successors to judges shall be elected for a term of six
years by the General Assembly as provided in (c) hereof subdivision 2.
Any vacancy in the office of any full-time district court judge shall be filled for a full term of six years in the manner prescribed herein; provided that such vacancy shall not be filled except as provided in § 16.1-69.9:3.
(c) 2. Full-time district court judges shall be
elected by the majority of the members elected to each house of the General
Assembly. No person shall be elected or reelected to a subsequent term under
this section until he has submitted to a criminal history record search and
submitted to a search of the central registry maintained pursuant to §
63.2-1515 for any founded complaint of child abuse or neglect and a report
reports of such search searches has have been
received by the chairmen of the House and Senate Committees for Courts of
Justice. If the person has not met the requirement of filing in the
preceding calendar year a disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 or 30-111,
he shall also provide a written statement of economic interests on the
disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 to the chairmen of the House and
Senate Committees for Courts of Justice. The judges of the circuit court
having jurisdiction over the district may nominate a panel of no more than
three persons for each judgeship within the district who are deemed qualified
to hold the office. The General Assembly may consider such nominations in
electing a judge to fill the office but may elect a person not on such panel to
fill the office. Nominations shall be forwarded to the clerks of both houses of
the General Assembly on or before December 15.
(d) 3. No person with a criminal conviction for
a felony shall be appointed as a substitute judge.
If an appointment is to be made by two or more judges and there is a tie vote, then the senior judge of the circuit court having jurisdiction in the district shall make the appointment.
§ 16.1-69.9:1. Appointment, terms, etc., of substitute judges.
(a) A. Substitute judges shall be appointed by
the chief judge of the circuit court having jurisdiction within the district
for a term of six years.
(b)[Repealed.]
(c) B. Each substitute judge shall be appointed
to serve every general district court and every juvenile and domestic relations
district court within the judicial district for which the appointment is made.
(d) C. No person shall be appointed under this
section until he has submitted his fingerprints to be used for the conduct of a
national criminal records search and a Virginia criminal history records search,
submitted to a search of the central registry maintained pursuant to §
63.2-1515 for any founded complaint of child abuse or neglect, and provided a
written statement of economic interests on the disclosure form prescribed in §
2.2-3117. No person with a criminal conviction for a felony shall be
appointed as a substitute judge.
§ 16.1-69.9:4. Same; election of successor judges.
Whenever a vacancy occurs or exists in the office of a
full-time district judge while the General Assembly is in session, or whenever
the term of a full-time judge of a district court will expire or the office
will be vacated at a date certain between the adjournment of the General
Assembly and the commencement of the next session of the General Assembly, a
successor judge may be elected at any time during a session preceding the date
of such vacancy, by the vote of a majority of the members elected to each house
of the General Assembly, for a full term of six years and, upon qualification,
the successor judge shall enter at once upon the discharge of the duties of his
office. However, such successor judge shall not enter upon the discharge of his
duties prior to the commencement of his term of office. No person shall be elected
or reelected to a subsequent term under this section until he has submitted to
a criminal history record search and submitted to a search of the central
registry maintained pursuant to § 63.2-1515 for any founded complaint of child
abuse or neglect and a report reports of such search
searches has have been received by the chairmen of the House
and Senate Committees for Courts of Justice. If the person has not met the
requirement of filing in the preceding calendar year a disclosure form
prescribed in § 2.2-3117 or 30-111, he shall also provide a written statement
of economic interests on the disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 to the
chairmen of the House and Senate Committees for Courts of Justice.
§ 17.1-303. Election of successor justice before date of vacancy.
Whenever a vacancy occurs or exists in the office of a justice
of the Supreme Court while the General Assembly is in session, or whenever the
term of office of a justice of the Supreme Court will expire or the office will
be vacated at a date certain between the adjournment of the General Assembly
and the commencement of the next session of the General Assembly, a successor
may be elected at any time during a session preceding the date of such vacancy,
by the vote of a majority of the members elected to each house of the General
Assembly, for a full term and, upon qualification, the successor shall enter at
once upon the discharge of the duties of the office; however, such successor
shall not qualify prior to the predecessor leaving office. No person shall be
elected or reelected to a subsequent term under this section until he has
submitted to a criminal history record search and submitted to a search of
the central registry maintained pursuant to § 63.2-1515 for any founded
complaint of child abuse or neglect and a report reports of
such search searches has have been received by the
chairmen of the House and Senate Committees for Courts of Justice. If the
person has not met the requirement of filing in the preceding calendar year a
disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 or 30-111, he shall also provide a
written statement of economic interests on the disclosure form prescribed in §
2.2-3117 to the chairmen of the House and Senate Committees for Courts of
Justice.
§ 17.1-400. Creation and organization; election and terms of judges; oath; vacancies; qualifications; incompatible activities prohibited; chief judge.
A. The Court of Appeals of Virginia is hereby established
effective January 1, 1985. It shall consist of 11 judges who shall be elected
for terms of eight years by the majority of the members elected to each house
of the General Assembly. Before entering upon the duties of the office, a judge
of the Court of Appeals shall take the oath of office required by law. The oath
shall be taken before a justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia or before any
officer authorized by law to administer an oath. When any vacancy exists while
the General Assembly is not in session, the Governor may appoint a successor to
serve until 30 days after the commencement of the next regular session of the
General Assembly. Whenever a vacancy occurs or exists in the office of a judge
of the Court of Appeals while the General Assembly is in session, or when the
term of office of a judge of the Court of Appeals will expire or the office
will be vacated at a date certain between the adjournment of the General
Assembly and the commencement of the next session of the General Assembly, a
successor may be elected at any time during a session preceding the date of
such vacancy by the vote of a majority of the members elected to each house of
the General Assembly for a full term and, upon qualification, the successor
shall enter at once upon the discharge of the duties of the office; however,
such successor shall not qualify prior to the predecessor leaving office. No
person shall be elected or reelected to a subsequent term under this section
until he has submitted to a criminal history record search and submitted to
a search of the central registry maintained pursuant to § 63.2-1515 for any
founded complaint of child abuse or neglect and a report reports
of such search searches has have been received by
the chairmen of the House and Senate Committees for Courts of Justice. If
the person has not met the requirement of filing in the preceding calendar year
a disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 or 30-111, he shall also provide a
written statement of economic interests on the disclosure form prescribed in §
2.2-3117 to the chairmen of the House and Senate Committees for Courts of
Justice.
All judges of the Court of Appeals shall be residents of the Commonwealth and shall, at least five years prior to the appointment or election, have been licensed to practice law in the Commonwealth. No judge of the Court of Appeals, during his continuance in office, shall engage in the practice of law within or without the Commonwealth or seek or accept any nonjudicial elective office, or hold any other office of public trust, or engage in any other incompatible activity.
B. The chief judge shall be elected by majority vote of the judges of the Court of Appeals to serve a term of four years.
C. If a judge of the Court of Appeals is absent or unable through sickness, disability, or any other reason to perform or discharge any official duty or function authorized or required by law, a (i) retired chief justice or retired justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia, (ii) retired chief judge or retired judge of the Court of Appeals of Virginia, or (iii) retired judge of a circuit court of Virginia, with his or her prior consent, may be appointed by the chief judge of the Court of Appeals, acting upon his own initiative or upon a personal request from the absent or disabled judge, to perform or discharge the official duties or functions of the absent or disabled judge until that judge shall again be able to attend his duties. The chief judge of the Court of Appeals shall be notified forthwith at the time any absent or disabled judge is able to return to his duties.
D. The chief judge of the Court of Appeals may, upon his own initiative, designate a (i) retired chief justice or retired justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia, (ii) retired chief judge or retired judge of the Court of Appeals of Virginia, or (iii) retired or active judge of a circuit court of Virginia, with the prior consent of such justice or judge, to perform or discharge the official duties or functions of a judge of the Court of Appeals if there is a need to do so due to congestion in the work of the court. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to increase the number of judges of the Court of Appeals provided for in subsection A of this section.
E. Any retired chief justice, retired justice, retired chief judge or active or retired judge sitting on the Court of Appeals pursuant to subsection C or D shall receive from the state treasury actual expenses for the time he or she is actually engaged in holding court.
F. The powers and duties herein conferred or empowered upon the chief judge of the Court of Appeals may be exercised and performed by any judge or any committee of judges of the court designated by the chief judge for such purpose.
§ 17.1-501. Judges of circuit courts; selection, powers and duties of chief judges; exercise of appointive powers.
A. There shall be as many judges of the circuit courts as may be fixed by the General Assembly. The judges of each circuit shall select from their number by majority vote a chief judge of the circuit, who shall serve for the term of two years. In the event such judges cannot agree as to who shall be chief judge, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall act as tie breaker.
B. The chief judge of the circuit shall ensure that the system of justice in his circuit operates smoothly and efficiently. He shall have authority to assign the work of the circuit among the judges, and in doing so he may consider the nature and categories of the cases to be assigned.
C. Unless otherwise provided by law, powers of appointment within a circuit shall be exercised by a majority of the judges of the circuit; however, the order of appointment may be signed by the chief judge or that judge's designee on behalf of the other judges. In case of a tie, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall appoint a circuit judge from another circuit who shall act as tie breaker. Where the power of appointment is to be exercised by a majority of the judges of the Second Judicial Circuit and such appointment is to a local post, board or commission in Accomack or Northampton County, the resident judge or judges of the County of Accomack or Northampton shall exercise such appointment power as if he or they comprise the majority of the judges of the circuit.
D. No person shall be appointed or reappointed under this section until he has submitted his fingerprints to be used for the conduct of a national criminal records search and a Virginia criminal history records search, submitted to a search of the central registry maintained pursuant to § 63.2-1515 for any founded complaint of child abuse or neglect, and provided a written statement of economic interests on the disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117. No person with a criminal conviction for a felony shall be appointed as a judge.
§ 17.1-509. Vacancies in office of judge.
Whenever a vacancy occurs in the office of judge, a successor,
who shall be a resident of the same circuit, shall be elected for a full term
of eight years and upon qualification shall enter at once upon the discharge of
the duties of his office. No person shall be elected or reelected to a
subsequent term under this section until he has submitted to a criminal history
record search and submitted to a search of the central registry maintained
pursuant to § 63.2-1515 for any founded complaint of child abuse or neglect
and a report reports of such search searches has
have been received by the chairmen of the House and Senate Committees for
Courts of Justice. If the person has not met the requirement of filing in
the preceding calendar year a disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 or
30-111, he shall also provide a written statement of economic interests on the
disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 to the chairmen of the House and
Senate Committees for Courts of Justice. Subject to the provisions of §§
17.1-511 and 17.1-512, the Governor shall have the power while the General
Assembly is not in session to fill pro tempore vacancies in such office. Such
appointment to every vacancy shall be by commission to expire at the end of 30
days after the commencement of the next regular session of the General
Assembly. No person with a criminal conviction for a felony shall be appointed
as a judge.
§ 17.1-512. Election of successor judge before date of vacancy.
Whenever a vacancy occurs or exists in the office of a judge
of a circuit while the General Assembly is in session, or whenever the term of
office of a judge of a circuit court will expire or the office will be vacated
at a date certain between the adjournment of the General Assembly and the
commencement of the next session of the General Assembly, a successor judge may
be elected at any time during a session preceding the date of such vacancy, by
the vote of a majority of the members elected to each house of the General
Assembly, for a term of eight years and upon qualification, the successor judge
shall enter at once upon the discharge of the duties of his office. However,
such successor judge shall not enter upon the discharge of his duties prior to
the commencement of his term of office. No person shall be elected or reelected
to a subsequent term under this section until he has submitted to a criminal
history record search and submitted to a search of the central registry
maintained pursuant to § 63.2-1515 for any founded complaint of child abuse or
neglect and a report reports of such search
searches has have been received by the chairmen of the House
and Senate Committees for Courts of Justice. No person with a criminal
conviction for a felony shall be appointed as a judge. If the person has not
met the requirement of filing in the preceding calendar year a disclosure form
prescribed in § 2.2-3117 or 30-111, he shall also provide a written statement
of economic interests on the disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 to the
chairmen of the House and Senate Committees for Courts of Justice.
§ 63.2-1515. Central registry; disclosure of information.
The central registry shall contain such information as shall be prescribed by Board regulation; however, when the founded case of abuse or neglect does not name the parents or guardians of the child as the abuser or neglector, and the abuse or neglect occurred in a licensed or unlicensed child day center, a licensed, registered or approved family day home, a private or public school, or a children's residential facility, the child's name shall not be entered on the registry without consultation with and permission of the parents or guardians. If a child's name currently appears on the registry without consultation with and permission of the parents or guardians for a founded case of abuse and neglect that does not name the parents or guardians of the child as the abuser or neglector, such parents or guardians may have the child's name removed by written request to the Department. The information contained in the central registry shall not be open to inspection by the public. However, appropriate disclosure may be made in accordance with Board regulations.
The Department shall respond to requests for a search of the central registry made by (i) local departments, (ii) local school boards, and (iii) governing boards or administrators of private schools accredited pursuant to § 22.1-19 regarding applicants for employment, pursuant to § 22.1-296.4, in cases where there is no match within the central registry within 10 business days of receipt of such requests. In cases where there is a match within the central registry regarding applicants for employment, the Department shall respond to requests made by local departments, local school boards, and governing boards or administrators within 30 business days of receipt of such requests. The response may be by first-class mail or facsimile transmission.
The Department shall disclose information in the central registry to the Chairmen of the Committees for the Courts of Justice of the Senate and House of Delegates for the purpose of determining if any person being considered for election to any judgeship has been the subject of any founded complaint of child abuse or neglect.
Any central registry check of a person who has applied to be a volunteer with a (a) Virginia affiliate of Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America, (b) Virginia affiliate of Compeer, (c) Virginia affiliate of Childhelp USA, (d) volunteer fire company or volunteer emergency medical services agency, or (e) court-appointed special advocate program pursuant to § 9.1-153 shall be conducted at no charge.