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2012 SESSION
12100040DBe it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That §§ 37.2-1020 and 54.1-2986.1 of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted as follows:
§ 37.2-1020. Duties and powers of guardian.
A. A guardian stands in a fiduciary relationship to the incapacitated person for whom he was appointed guardian and may be held personally liable for a breach of any fiduciary duty to the incapacitated person. A guardian shall not be liable for the acts of the incapacitated person, unless the guardian is personally negligent. A guardian shall not be required to expend personal funds on behalf of the incapacitated person.
B. A guardian's duties and authority shall not extend to decisions addressed in a valid advance directive or durable power of attorney previously executed by the incapacitated person. A guardian may seek court authorization to revoke, suspend, or otherwise modify a durable power of attorney, as provided by the Uniform Power of Attorney Act (§ 26-72 et seq.). Notwithstanding the provisions of the Health Care Decisions Act (§ 54.1-2981 et seq.) and in accordance with the procedures of § 37.2-1012, a guardian may seek court authorization to modify the designation of an agent under an advance directive, but the modification shall not in any way affect the incapacitated person's directives concerning the provision or refusal of specific medical treatments or procedures. In the absence of specific provisions in a valid advance directive or durable power of attorney regarding visitation, a guardian shall have authority to restrict visitation of the incapacitated person.
C. A guardian shall maintain sufficient contact with the incapacitated person to know of his capabilities, limitations, needs, and opportunities. The guardian shall visit the incapacitated person as often as necessary.
D. A guardian shall be required to seek prior court authorization to change the incapacitated person's residence to another state, to terminate or consent to a termination of the person's parental rights, or to initiate a change in the person's marital status.
E. A guardian shall, to the extent feasible, encourage the incapacitated person to participate in decisions, to act on his own behalf, and to develop or regain the capacity to manage personal affairs. A guardian, in making decisions, shall consider the expressed desires and personal values of the incapacitated person to the extent known and shall otherwise act in the incapacitated person's best interest and exercise reasonable care, diligence, and prudence.
§ 54.1-2986.1. Duties and authority of agent or person identified in § 54.1-2986.
A. If the declarant appoints an agent in an advance directive,
that agent shall have (i) the authority to make health care decisions for the
declarant as specified in the advance directive if the declarant is determined
to be incapable of making an informed decision and (ii) decision-making
priority over any person identified in § 54.1-2986. In no case shall the agent
refuse or fail to honor the declarant's wishes in relation to anatomical gifts
or organ, tissue or eye donation. Decisions to restrict visitation of the
patient may be made by an agent only if the declarant has expressly included
provisions for visitation in his advance directive; such visitation decisions
shall be subject to physician orders and policies of the institution to which
the declarant is admitted. No Except as provided in
§ 37.2-1020, no person
authorized to make decisions for a patient under § 54.1-2986 shall have
authority to restrict visitation of the patient.
B. Any agent or person authorized to make health care decisions pursuant to this article shall (i) undertake a good faith effort to ascertain the risks and benefits of, and alternatives to any proposed health care, (ii) make a good faith effort to ascertain the religious values, basic values, and previously expressed preferences of the patient, and (iii) to the extent possible, base his decisions on the beliefs, values, and preferences of the patient, or if they are unknown, on the patient's best interests.