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2009 SESSION
090024624Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That §§ 6.1-409, 6.1-422.1, 6.1-430, and 6.1-431 of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted and that the Code of Virginia is amended by adding a section numbered 6.1-422.2 as follows:
§ 6.1-409. Definitions.
As used in this chapter, the following words and terms shall have the following meanings unless the context requires a different meaning:
"Borrower" means any person who has made, or on whose behalf another person has made, an application for a mortgage loan to a mortgage broker or to a mortgage lender.
"Commissioner" means the Commissioner of the Bureau of Financial Institutions.
"Mortgage broker" means any person who directly or indirectly negotiates, places or finds mortgage loans for others, or offers to negotiate, place or find mortgage loans for others. Any licensed mortgage lender that, pursuant to an executed originating agreement with the Virginia Housing Development Authority, acts or offers to act as an originating agent of the Virginia Housing Development Authority in connection with a mortgage loan shall not be deemed to be acting as a mortgage broker with respect to such mortgage loan but shall be deemed to be acting as a mortgage lender with respect to such mortgage loan, notwithstanding that the Virginia Housing Development Authority is or would be the payee on the note evidencing such mortgage loan and that the Virginia Housing Development Authority provides or would provide the funding of such mortgage loan prior to or at the settlement thereof.
"Mortgage lender" means any person who directly or indirectly originates or makes mortgage loans.
"Mortgage loan" means a loan made to an individual, the proceeds of which are to be used primarily for personal, family or household purposes, which loan is secured by a mortgage or deed of trust upon any interest in one- to four-family residential property located in the Commonwealth, regardless of where made, including the renewal or refinancing of any such loan, but excluding (i) loans or extensions of credit to buyers of real property for any part of the purchase price of such property by persons selling such property owned by them, (ii) loans to persons related to the lender by blood or marriage, and (iii) loans to persons who are bona fide employees of the lender. "Mortgage loan" shall not include any loan secured by a mortgage or deed of trust upon any interest in a more than four-family residential property or property used for a commercial or agricultural purpose.
"Person" means any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, association, trust, or legal or commercial entity or group of individuals however organized.
"Principal" means any person who, directly or indirectly, owns or controls (i) ten percent or more of the outstanding stock of a stock corporation or (ii) a ten percent or greater interest in a nonstock corporation or a limited liability company.
"Residential property" means improved real property used or occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, for residential purposes.
§ 6.1-422.1. "Flipping" prohibited.
A. As used in this section, "flipping" a mortgage loan means refinancing a mortgage loan within 12 months following the date the refinanced mortgage loan was originated, unless the refinancing is in the borrower's best interest. Factors to be considered in determining the same would include but not be limited to whether:
1. The borrower's new monthly payment is lower than the total of all monthly obligations being financed, taking into account the costs and fees;
2. There is a change in the amortization period of the new loan;
3. The borrower receives cash in excess of the costs and fees of refinancing;
4. The borrower's note rate of interest is reduced;
5. There is a change from an adjustable to a fixed rate loan, taking into account costs and fees; or
6. The refinancing is necessary to respond to a bona fide personal need or an order of a court of competent jurisdiction.
B. No mortgage lender or broker shall knowingly or intentionally engage in the act or practice of "flipping" a mortgage loan. This provision shall apply regardless of whether the interest rate, points, fees, and charges paid or payable by the borrower in connection with the refinancing exceed any limitation established pursuant to Article 9 (§ 6.1-330.69 et seq.) of Chapter 7.3 of this title.
C. The Attorney General, the Commission, or any party to a mortgage loan may enforce the provisions of this section or § 6.1-422.
D. In any suit instituted by a borrower who alleges
that the defendant violated this section or § 6.1-422, the presiding judge may,
in the judge's discretion, allow reasonable attorneys' fees to the attorney
representing the prevailing party, such attorneys' fees to be taxed as a part
of the court costs and payable by the losing party, upon a finding by the
presiding judge that (i) the party charged with the violation has willfully
engaged in the act or practice with which he was charged; or (ii) the party
instituting the action knew, or should have known, that the action was
frivolous and malicious.
E. The provisions of this section
shall be in addition to, and shall not impair, the rights of and remedies
available to borrowers in mortgage loans otherwise provided by law.
§ 6.1-422.2. Duties of mortgage brokers to borrowers.
A mortgage broker, in addition to any other duties imposed by statutory or common law, shall comply with the following duties:
1. Act in the borrower’s best interest and in the utmost good faith toward the borrower and shall not compromise a borrower’s right or interest in favor of another’s right or interest, including a right or interest of the mortgage broker;
2. Make reasonable efforts to secure a mortgage loan that is in the best interests of the borrower considering borrower circumstances and loan characteristics, including but not limited to the product type, rates, charges, and repayment terms of the loan; and
3. Use reasonable skill, care, and diligence.
§ 6.1-430. Authority of the Attorney General; referral by Commission to Attorney General.
A. If the Commission determines that a mortgage lender or
broker licensed under this chapter is in violation, or has violated, any
provision of Articles 3 (§ 6.1-330.53 et seq.) through 12 (§ 6.1-330.80 et
seq.) of Chapter 7.3 of this title or,
§ 6.1-422.1, or § 6.1-422.2, the Commission may
refer the information to the Attorney General and may request that the Attorney
General investigate such violations. In the case of such referral, the Attorney
General is hereby authorized to seek to enjoin violations of such laws. The
circuit court having jurisdiction may enjoin such violations notwithstanding
the existence of an adequate remedy at law.
Upon such referral of the Commission, the Attorney General may also seek, and the circuit court may order or decree damages and such other relief allowed by law, including restitution to the extent available to borrowers under applicable law. Persons entitled to any relief as authorized by this section shall be identified by order of the court within 180 days from the date of the order permanently enjoining the unlawful act or practice.
In any action brought by the Attorney General by virtue of the authority granted in this provision, the Attorney General shall be entitled to seek attorney's fees and costs.
B. The Attorney General shall be authorized to bring an action to enjoin violations of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 (RESPA), 12 U.S.C. § 2601 et seq., to the extent authorized by §§ 8 and 16 of RESPA, 12 U.S.C. §§ 2607 and 2614.
§ 6.1-431. Private right of action.
Nothing in this article shall be construed to
preclude any individual or entityA borrower
who suffers a loss as a result of a violation of Articles
3 (§ 6.1-330.53 et seq.) through 12 (§ 6.1-330.80 et seq.) of Chapter 7.3 ofany
provision of this title from maintaining chapter may bring an action to recover actual damages or
restitution and, as provided by statute,. In
addition to any damages awarded, such person also may be awarded
attorney's fees and court costs. If the trier of fact
finds that the violation was willful, it may increase damages to an amount not
exceeding three times the damages sustained. However, in any
matter in which the Attorney General has exercised his authority pursuant to §
6.1-430, an individual action shall not be maintainable if the individual has
received damages or restitution pursuant to § 6.1-430.