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2007 SESSION
073057160Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That §§ 16.1-69.48:2, 16.1-69.53, 16.1-77, 16.1-81, 16.1-82, 16.1-83, 16.1-85, 16.1-86, 16.1-88, 16.1-88.01, 16.1-88.02, 16.1-88.03, 16.1-94, and 16.1-101 of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted as follows:
§ 16.1-69.48:2. Fees for services of district court judges and clerks and magistrates in civil cases.
Fees in civil cases for services performed by the judges or clerks of general district courts or magistrates in the event any such services are performed by magistrates in civil cases shall be as provided in this section, and, unless otherwise provided, shall be included in the taxed costs and shall not be refundable, except in case of error or as herein provided.
For all court and magistrate services in each distress,
detinue, interrogatory summons, unlawful detainer, civil warrant, notice
of motioncomplaint, garnishment, attachment
issued, or other civil proceeding, the fee shall be $22 for the period between
July 1, 2006, and December 31, 2006, and $27 thereafter unless otherwise
provided in this section or if the amount in controversy is $200 or less, then
the fee shall be $22. No such fee shall be collected (i) in any tax case
instituted by any county, city or town or (ii) in any case instituted by a
school board for collection of overdue book rental fees. Of the fees collected
under this section, $5 of the fee collected for all court and magistrate
services in each distress, detinue, interrogatory summons, unlawful detainer,
civil warrant, notice of motioncomplaint,
garnishment, attachment issued, or other civil proceeding in excess of $200
shall be apportioned to the Courts Technology Fund established under § 17.1-132
for the period between July 1, 2006, and December 31, 2006, and $10 thereafter.
Of any fees collected for these services where the amounts in controversy equal
$200 or less, $10 from any such fees collected shall be apportioned to the
Courts Technology Fund established under § 17.1-132.
The judge or clerk shall collect the foregoing fee at the time
of issuing process. Any magistrate or other issuing officer shall collect the
foregoing fee at the time of issuing process, and shall remit the entire fee
promptly to the court to which such process is returnable, or to its clerk.
When no service of process is had on a defendant named in any civil processother
than a notice of motion for judgment,
such process may be reissued once by the court or clerk at the court's
direction by changing the return day of such process, for which service by the
court or clerk there shall be no charge; however, reissuance of such process
shall be within three months after the original return day.
The clerk of any district court may charge a fee for making a copy of any paper of record to go out of his office which is not otherwise specifically provided for. The amount of this fee shall be set in the discretion of the clerk but shall not exceed $1 for the first two pages and $.50 for each page thereafter.
The fees prescribed in this section shall be the only fees charged in civil cases for services performed by such judges and clerks, and when the services referred to herein are performed by magistrates such fees shall be the only fees charged by such magistrates for the prescribed services.
§ 16.1-69.53. Definitions; construction of references to period of years.
As used in this article, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
"Court records" shall include case records, financial records and administrative records as defined in this section.
"Case records" shall mean all documents, dockets and indices.
"Documents" shall mean all motions for judgment,
bills of complaintcomplaints,
answers, bills of particulars, other pleadings, interrogatories, motions in
writing, warrants, summonses, petitions, proof of service, witness summonses
and subpoenas, documents received in evidence, transcripts, orders, judgments,
writs, and any other similar case-related records and papers in the possession
of the district courts and filed with the pleadings in the case.
"Financial records" shall mean all papers and records related to the receipt and disbursement of money by the district court.
"Administrative records" shall mean all other court papers and records not otherwise defined.
Whenever a reference to a period of years for the retention of documents is made in this section, it shall be construed to commence on January 2 of the first year following (i) the final adjudication of a civil case or (ii) the final disposition in all other cases, unless otherwise specified herein. In foster care cases, the final disposition date is the date of transfer of custody to a local board of social services or a child welfare agency.
§ 16.1-77. Civil jurisdiction of general district courts.
Except as provided in Article 5 (§ 16.1-122.1 et seq.) of this chapter, each general district court shall have, within the limits of the territory it serves, civil jurisdiction as follows:
(1) Exclusive original jurisdiction of any claim to specific personal property or to any debt, fine or other money, or to damages for breach of contract or for injury done to property, real or personal, or for any injury to the person that would be recoverable by action at law or suit in equity, when the amount of such claim does not exceed $4,500 exclusive of interest and any attorney's fees contracted for in the instrument, and concurrent jurisdiction with the circuit courts having jurisdiction in such territory of any such claim when the amount thereof exceeds $4,500 but does not exceed $15,000, exclusive of interest and any attorney's fees contracted for in the instrument. However, this $15,000 limit shall not apply with respect to distress warrants under the provisions of § 55-230, cases involving liquidated damages for violations of vehicle weight limits pursuant to § 46.2-1135, nor cases involving forfeiture of a bond pursuant to § 19.2-143.
(2) Jurisdiction to try and decide attachment cases when the amount of the plaintiff's claim does not exceed $15,000 exclusive of interest and any attorney's fees contracted for in the instrument.
(3) Jurisdiction of actions of unlawful entry or detainer as provided in Article 13 (§ 8.01-124 et seq.) of Chapter 3 of Title 8.01, and in Chapter 13 (§ 55-217 et seq.) of Title 55, and the maximum jurisdictional limits prescribed in subdivision (1) shall not apply to any claim, counter-claim or cross-claim in an action for damages sustained or rent proved to be owing where the premises were used by the occupant primarily for business, commercial or agricultural purposes. Any counter-claim or cross-claim shall arise out of the same use of the property for business, commercial or agricultural purposes.
(4) Except where otherwise specifically provided, all jurisdiction, power and authority over any civil action or proceeding conferred upon any general district court judge or magistrate under or by virtue of any provisions of the Code of Virginia.
(5) Jurisdiction to try and decide suits in interpleader
involving personal property where the amount of money or value of the property
is not more than the maximum jurisdictional limits of the general district
court. The action shall be brought in accordance with the procedures for
interpleader as set forth in § 8.01-364. However, the general district court
shall not have any power to issue injunctions. Actions in interpleader may be
brought by either the stakeholder or any of the claimants. The initial pleading
shall be either by motion for judgment complaint
or by warrant in debt. The initial pleading shall briefly set
forth the circumstances of the claim and shall name as defendant all parties in
interest who are not parties plaintiff.
(6) Jurisdiction to try and decide any cases pursuant to § 2.2-3713 of the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.), for writs of mandamus or for injunctions.
(7) Concurrent jurisdiction with the circuit courts having jurisdiction in such territory to adjudicate habitual offenders pursuant to the provisions of Article 9 (§ 46.2-355.1 et seq.) of Chapter 3 of Title 46.2.
(8) Jurisdiction to try and decide cases alleging a civil violation described in § 18.2-76.
§ 16.1-81. Actions brought by complaint.
A civil action in a general district court may be brought by motion
for judgmentfiling a complaint.
Such motionpleading
shall be in writing, signed by the plaintiff or his attorney, and shall contain
a caption setting forth the name of the court and the title of the action,
which shall include the names of all parties and the address of each defendant.
It shall state the facts on which the plaintiff relies, and shall be sufficient
if it clearly informs the defendant or defendants of the true nature of the
claim asserted. The motioncomplaint
shall notify the defendant or defendants of the day on which such motioncomplaint
shall be madefirst appear on the
court's docket, which day shall not be more than sixty 60
days from the date of service of the motioncomplaint.
§ 16.1-82. Service of complaint; return thereon and delivery to the court; how disposed of.
The plaintiff shall file with the clerk of the court an
original motion for judgmentcomplaint
and as many copies as there are defendants upon whom it is to be served, with
the proper fees. The original motioncomplaint
and copies thereof shall then be delivered to the sheriff or other person for
service. Service of such motionpleading
shall be as provided in Chapter 8 (§ 8.01-285 et seq.) of Title 8.01, but the motionpleading
must be served not less than five days before the return day. Returns shall be
made on the original motion for judgmentcomplaint
and shall show when, where, how and upon whom service was made. The motion
or motionscomplaint or complaints with the
returns thereon shall be returned by the sheriff or other persons making
service to the court within three days of the date service is made. The motion
for judgmentcomplaint shall be heard and disposed
of by the court in the same manner as if it were a civil warrant. Except as
otherwise provided herein, procedure upon such motion for judgmentcomplaint
shall conform as nearly as practicable to the procedure in motions for judgmentcomplaints
prescribed by Rules of Court for civil actions in courts of record.
§ 16.1-83. Consent of parties required for trial within five days of service.
No trial of a warrant or motion for judgmentcomplaint
under this title may be had within five days after service thereof except with
the consent of the parties. Proceedings to enforce the rights and privileges
conferred by the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.) shall
be conducted within the time limitations specified in § 2.2-3713.
§ 16.1-85. What term "warrant" to include.
Whenever the word "warrant" is used in any section
of the Code or act of assembly relating to civil proceedings, it shall, unless
the context or use indicates a different meaning, be construed to mean "warrant
or motion for judgmentcomplaint."
§ 16.1-86. When action deemed brought.
A civil action on a warrant in a district court shall be deemed brought when the memorandum required by § 8.01-290 is filed with the clerk, magistrate, or other officer authorized to issue warrants and the required fee is paid. The officer issuing the warrant shall note on the memorandum the date and time it is received by him with the required fee.
A civil action on a motion for judgmentcomplaint
as authorized in § 16.1-81 shall be deemed brought on the day on which the motioncomplaint
is filed with the court.
Whenever any other pleading in any civil action is filed in a district court, the clerk or his designee shall stamp or mark the date received and time of filing on the face of such pleading.
§ 16.1-88. Procedure when plaintiff sues on sworn claim.
If a civil action in a general district court is upon a
contract, express or implied, for the payment of money, or unlawful detainer
pursuant to § 55-225 or § 55-248.31 for the payment of money or possession of
the premises, or both, or is brought by the Commonwealth or any political
subdivision or agency thereof for the collection of taxes or to enforce any
other obligation for the payment of money, an affidavit and a copy of the
account if there be one and, in actions pursuant to § 55-225 or § 55-248.31,
proof of required notice may be made and served on the defendant in accordance
with § 8.01-296 with the warrant or motion for judgmentcomplaint
as provided in § 8.01-28 for actions at law, whereupon the provisions of §
8.01-28 shall be applicable to the further proceedings therein. The affidavit
and the account if there is one and proof of appropriate notice may be attached
to the warrant or motioncomplaint,
in which event the combined papers shall be served as a single paper.
§ 16.1-88.01. Counterclaims.
In any proceeding before any general district court a
defendant may, at his option, at any time before trial, plead in writing as a
counterclaim, any cause of action at law for a money judgment in personam, or
any matter which would entitle him to relief in equity in the nature of
damages, that he has against the plaintiff or all plaintiffs jointly, whether
or not it grows out of any transaction mentioned in the warrant or notice
of motion for judgmentcomplaint,
whether or not it is for liquidated damages, whether or not it is in tort or
contract, and whether or not the amount demanded exceeds the amount claimed by
the plaintiff in the warrant or notice of motion for
judgmentcomplaint; however, no such
counterclaim shall be filed or heard when the amount claimed therein exceeds
the amount within the jurisdiction of such court.
Upon the request of either party, bills of particulars and grounds of defense may be ordered to ensure a fair trial on the merits of the issue presented. The court may, in its discretion, hear the counterclaim together with the original case, or may order and hold a separate hearing of any cause of action asserted in a counterclaim. In either event, the court shall render such final judgment on the whole case as the law and the evidence require.
§ 16.1-88.02. Cross-claims.
Subject to the jurisdictional limitations prescribed by law,
in any proceeding before a general district court a defendant may, at his
option, at any time before trial, plead in writing as a cross-claim any cause
of action that he has against one or more defendants growing out of any matter
pleaded in the plaintiff's warrant or notice or motion for
judgmentcomplaint. The court may order and
hold a separate hearing upon any cause of action asserted in a cross-claim.
§ 16.1-88.03. Pleadings and other papers by certain parties not represented by attorneys.
A. Any corporation, partnership, limited liability company,
limited partnership, professional corporation, professional limited liability
company, registered limited liability partnership, registered limited liability
limited partnership or business trust, when the amount claimed in any civil
action pursuant to subdivision (1) or (3) of § 16.1-77 does not exceed the
jurisdictional amounts authorized in such subsections, exclusive of interest,
may prepare, execute, file, and have served on other parties in any proceeding
in a general district court a warrant in debt, motion for judgmentcomplaint,
warrant in detinue, distress warrant, summons for unlawful detainer,
counterclaim, crossclaim, suggestion for summons in garnishment, garnishment
summons, writ of possession, writ of fieri facias, interpleader and civil
appeal notice without the intervention of an attorney. Such papers may be
signed by a corporate officer, a manager of a limited liability company, a
general partner of any form of partnership or a trustee of any business trust,
or such corporate officer, with the approval of the board of directors, or
manager, general partner or trustee may authorize in writing an employee, a
person licensed under the provisions of § 54.1-2106.1, a property manager, or a
managing agent of a landlord as defined in § 55-248.4 to sign such papers as the
agent of the business entity. However, this section shall not apply to an
action under subdivision (1) or (3) of § 16.1-77 which was assigned to a
corporation, partnership, limited liability company, limited partnership,
professional corporation, professional limited liability company, registered
limited liability partnership, registered limited liability limited partnership
or business trust, or individual solely for the purpose of enforcing an
obligation owed or right inuring to another.
B. Nothing in this section shall allow a nonlawyer to file a bill of particulars or grounds of defense or to argue motions, issue a subpoena, rule to show cause, or capias; file or interrogate at debtor interrogatories; or to file, issue or argue any other paper, pleading or proceeding not set forth in subsection A.
C. The provisions of § 8.01-271.1 shall apply to any pleading, motion or other paper filed or made pursuant to this section.
D. Parties not represented by counsel, and who have made an appearance in the case, shall promptly notify in writing the clerk of court wherein the litigation is pending, and any adverse party, of any change in the party's address necessary for accurate mailing or service of any pleadings or notices. In the absence of such notification, a mailing to or service upon a party at the most recent address contained in the court file of the case shall be deemed effective service or other notice.
§ 16.1-94. Judgment to be noted on papers; formal orders may be entered.
Whenever a judgment is rendered in a court not of record the
judgment shall be entered on the warrant, motion for judgmentcomplaint,
counterclaim, cross-claim or other pleading and signed by the judge, or the
signature of the judge may be affixed by a facsimile stamp, in which event the
judge shall initial a notation of the judgment made on the warrant or other
paper. If the action is on a note, bond or other written obligation, the date
and amount of the judgment rendered shall be noted thereon, to which notation
the judge or clerk shall affix his name or his initials. Nothing in this
section shall be construed to prevent the judge from entering a formal order in
any case in which he deems such order to be appropriate, including but not
limited to settlement and installment orders endorsed by counsel, or to affect
the validity of any formal order so entered. If such action is on a lease for
the recovery of rent or possession of property this section shall not operate
to require marking of such lease unless the judge deems such marking necessary.
§ 16.1-101. Proceedings against officer failing to make or making improper return.
If an officer fail to make due return of any execution issued
from a court not of record, he may, on motion of the plaintiff and after ten
days' notice, be fined from time to time by the judge of such court in an
amount not less than five nor more than twenty dollars for each offense. And if
an officer make such return upon an execution issued from a court not of record
as would, on a motion against the officer, authorize judgment to be entered
against him for all or any part of the amount of such execution if the
execution had issued from a court of record, the creditor on whose behalf such
execution issued, or his personal representative, may, on a motion before the
judge of such court after like notice obtain such judgment against the officer,
his sureties and others as could be given by a court of record if the execution
had issued therefrom. Section 16.1-106 with respect to appeals in civil actions
shall apply to such judgment. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section
any such officer may be proceeded against as provided in Chapter 16 (§
15.2-1600 et seq.) of Title 15.2, or a motion for judgmentcomplaint
may be brought as authorized in § 8.01-227.