SEARCH SITE
VIRGINIA LAW PORTAL
- Code of Virginia
- Virginia Administrative Code
- Constitution of Virginia
- Charters
- Authorities
- Compacts
- Uncodified Acts
- RIS Users (account required)
SEARCHABLE DATABASES
- Bills & Resolutions
session legislation - Bill Summaries
session summaries - Reports to the General Assembly
House and Senate documents - Legislative Liaisons
State agency contacts
ACROSS SESSIONS
- Subject Index: Since 1995
- Bills & Resolutions: Since 1994
- Summaries: Since 1994
Developed and maintained by the Division of Legislative Automated Systems.
2007 SESSION
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That § 16.1-323 of the Code of Virginia is amended and reenacted and that the Code of Virginia is amended by adding a section numbered 16.1-323.1 as follows:
§ 16.1-323. Governor to execute; form of compact.
The Governor of Virginia is hereby authorized and requested to execute, on behalf of the Commonwealth of Virginia, with any other state or states legally joining therein, a compact which shall be in form substantially as follows:
The contracting states solemnly agree: Article I - Findings
and Purposes
That juveniles who are not under proper supervision and
control, or who have absconded, escaped or run away, are likely to endanger
their own health, morals and welfare, and the health, morals and welfare of
others. The cooperation of the states party to this compact is therefore
necessary to provide for the welfare and protection of juveniles and of the
public with respect to (1) cooperative supervision of delinquent juveniles on
probation or parole; (2) the return, from one state to another, of delinquent
juveniles who have escaped or absconded; (3) the return, from one state to
another, of nondelinquent juveniles who have run away from home; and (4)
additional measures for the protection of juveniles and of the public, which
any two or more of the party states may find desirable to undertake
cooperatively. In carrying out the provisions of this compact the party states
shall be guided by the noncriminal, reformative and protective policies which
guide their laws concerning delinquent, neglected or dependent juveniles
generally. It shall be the policy of the states party to this compact to
cooperate and observe their respective responsibilities for the prompt return
and acceptance of juveniles and delinquent juveniles who become subject to the
provisions of this compact. The provisions of this compact shall be reasonably
and liberally construed to accomplish the foregoing purposes. Article II -
Existing Rights and Remedies
That all remedies and procedures provided by this compact
be in addition to and not in substitution for other rights, remedies and
procedures, and shall not be in derogation of parental rights and
responsibilities. Article III - Definitions
That, for the purposes of this compact, "delinquent
juvenile" means any juvenile who has been adjudged delinquent and who, at
the time the provisions of this compact are invoked, is still subject to the
jurisdiction of the court that has made such adjudication or to the
jurisdiction or supervision of an agency or institution pursuant to an order of
such court; "probation or parole" means any kind of conditional
release of juveniles authorized under the laws of the states party hereto;
"court" means any court having jurisdiction over delinquent,
neglected or dependent children; "state" means any state, territory
or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and "residence" or any variant thereof
means a place at which a home or regular place of abode is maintained. Article
IV - Return of Runaways
(a) That the parent, guardian, person or agency entitled to
legal custody of a juvenile who has not been adjudged delinquent but who has
run away without the consent of such parent, guardian, person or agency may
petition the appropriate court in the demanding state for the issuance of a
requisition for his return. The petition shall state the name and age of the
juvenile, the name of the petitioner and the basis of entitlement to the
juvenile's custody, the circumstances of his running away, his location if
known at the time application is made, and such other facts as may tend to show
that the juvenile who has run away is endangering his own welfare or the
welfare of others and is not an emancipated minor. The petition shall be
verified by affidavit, shall be executed in duplicate, and shall be accompanied
by two certified copies of the document or documents on which the petitioner's
entitlement to the juvenile's custody is based, such as birth certificates,
letters of guardianship, or custody decrees. Such further affidavits and other documents
as may be deemed proper may be submitted with such petition. The judge of the
court to which this application is made may hold a hearing thereon to determine
whether for the purposes of this compact the petitioner is entitled to the
legal custody of the juvenile, whether or not it appears that the juvenile has
in fact run away without consent, whether or not he is an emancipated minor,
and whether or not it is in the best interest of the juvenile to compel his
return to the state. If the judge determines, either with or without a hearing,
that the juvenile should be returned, he shall present to the appropriate court
or to the executive authority of the state where the juvenile is alleged to be
located a written requisition for the return of such juvenile. Such requisition
shall set forth the name and age of the juvenile, the determination of the
court that the juvenile has run away without the consent of a parent, guardian,
person or agency entitled to his legal custody, and that it is in the best interest
and for the protection of such juvenile that he be returned. In the event that
a proceeding for the adjudication of the juvenile as a delinquent, neglected or
dependent juvenile is pending in the court at the time when such juvenile runs
away, the court may issue a requisition for the return of such juvenile upon
its own motion, regardless of the consent of the parents, guardian, person or
agency entitled to legal custody, reciting therein the nature and circumstances
of the pending proceeding. The requisition shall in every case be executed in
duplicate and shall be signed by the judge. One copy of the requisition shall
be filed with the compact administrator of the demanding state, there to remain
on file subject to the provisions of law governing records of such court. Upon
the receipt of a requisition demanding the return of a juvenile who has run
away, the court or the executive authority to whom the requisition is addressed
shall issue an order to any peace officer or other appropriate person directing
him to take into custody and detain such juvenile. Such detention order must
substantially recite the facts necessary to the validity of its issuance
hereunder. No juvenile detained upon such order shall be delivered over to the
officer whom the court demanding him shall have appointed to receive him,
unless he shall first be taken forthwith before a judge of a court in the
state, who shall inform him of the demand made for his return, and who may
appoint counsel or guardian ad litem for him. If the judge of such court shall
find that the requisition is in order, he shall deliver such juvenile over to
the officer whom the court demanding him shall have appointed to receive him.
The judge, however, may fix a reasonable time to be allowed for the purposes of
testing the legality of the proceeding.
Upon reasonable information that a person is a juvenile who
has run away from another state party to this compact without the consent of a
parent, guardian, person or agency entitled to his legal custody, such juvenile
may be taken into custody without a requisition and brought forthwith before a
judge of the appropriate court who may appoint counsel or guardian ad litem for
such juvenile and who shall determine after a hearing whether sufficient cause
exists to hold the person, subject to the order of the court, for his own
protection and welfare, for such a time not exceeding 90 days as will enable
his return to another state party to this compact pursuant to a requisition for
his return from a court of that state. If, at the time when a state seeks the
return of a juvenile who has run away, there is pending in the state wherein he
is found any criminal charge, or any proceeding to have him adjudicated a
delinquent juvenile for an act committed in such state, or if he is suspected
of having committed within such state a criminal offense or an act of juvenile
delinquency, he shall not be returned without the consent of such state until
discharged from prosecution or other form of proceeding, imprisonment, detention
or supervision for such offense or juvenile delinquency. The duly accredited
officers of any state party to this compact, upon the establishment of their
authority and the identity of the juvenile being returned, shall be permitted
to transport such juvenile through any and all the states party to this
compact, without interference. Upon his return to the state from which he ran
away, the juvenile shall be subject to such further proceedings as may be
appropriate under the laws of that state.
(b) That the state to which a juvenile is returned under
this Article shall be responsible for payment of the transportation costs of
such return.
(c) That "juvenile" as used in this Article means
any person who is a minor under the law of the state of residence of the
parent, guardian, person or agency entitled to the legal custody of such minor.
Article V - Return of Escapees and Absconders
(a) That the appropriate person or authority from whose
probation or parole supervision a delinquent juvenile has absconded or from
whose institutional custody he has escaped shall present to the appropriate
court or to the executive authority of the state where the delinquent juvenile
is alleged to be located a written requisition for the return of such
delinquent juvenile. Such requisition shall state the name and age of the
delinquent juvenile, the particulars of his adjudication as a delinquent
juvenile, the circumstances of the breach of the terms of his probation or
parole or of his escape from an institution or agency vested with his legal
custody or supervision, and the location of such delinquent juvenile, if known,
at the time the requisition is made. The requisition shall be verified by
affidavit, shall be executed in duplicate, and shall be accompanied by two certified
copies of the judgment, formal adjudication, or order of commitment which
subjects such delinquent juvenile to probation or parole or to the legal
custody of the institution or agency concerned. Such further affidavits and
other documents as may be deemed proper may be submitted with such requisition.
One copy of the requisition shall be filed with the compact administrator of
the demanding state, there to remain on file subject to the provisions of law
governing records of the appropriate court. Upon the receipt of a requisition
demanding the return of a delinquent juvenile who has absconded or escaped, the
court or the executive authority to whom the requisition is addressed shall
issue an order to any peace officer or other appropriate person directing him
to take into custody and detain such delinquent juvenile. Such detention order
must substantially recite the facts necessary to the validity of its issuance
hereunder. No delinquent juvenile detained upon such order shall be delivered
over to the officer whom the appropriate person or authority demanding him
shall have appointed to receive him, unless he shall first be taken forthwith
before a judge of an appropriate court in the state, who shall inform him of
the demand made for his return and who may appoint counsel or guardian ad litem
for him. If the judge of such court shall find that the requisition is in
order, he shall deliver such delinquent juvenile over to the officer whom the
appropriate person or authority demanding him shall have appointed to receive
him. The judge, however, may fix a reasonable time to be allowed for the
purpose of testing the legality of the proceeding.
Upon reasonable information that a person is a delinquent
juvenile who has absconded while on probation or parole, or escaped from an
institution or agency vested with his legal custody or supervision in any state
party to this compact, such person may be taken into custody in any other state
party to this compact without a requisition. But in such event, he must be taken
forthwith before a judge of the appropriate court, who may appoint counsel or
guardian ad litem for such person and who shall determine, after a hearing,
whether sufficient cause exists to hold the person subject to the order of the
court for such a time, not exceeding 90 days, as will enable his detention
under a detention order issued on a requisition pursuant to this Article. If,
at the time when a state seeks the return of a delinquent juvenile who has
either absconded while on probation or parole or escaped from an institution or
agency vested with his legal custody or supervision, there is pending in the
state wherein he is detained any criminal charge or any proceeding to have him
adjudicated a delinquent juvenile for an act committed in such state, or if he
is suspected of having committed within such state a criminal offense or an act
of juvenile delinquency, he shall not be returned without the consent of such
state until discharged from prosecution or other form of proceeding,
imprisonment, detention or supervision for such offense or juvenile
delinquency. The duly accredited officers of any state party to this compact,
upon the establishment of their authority and the identity of the delinquent
juvenile being returned, shall be permitted to transport such delinquent
juvenile through any and all states party to this compact, without
interference. Upon his return to the state from which he escaped or absconded,
the delinquent juvenile shall be subject to such further proceedings as may be
appropriate under the laws of that state.
(b) That the state to which a delinquent juvenile is
returned under this Article shall be responsible for payment of the
transportation costs of such return. Article VI - Voluntary Return Procedure
That any delinquent juvenile who has absconded while on
probation or parole, or escaped from an institution or agency vested with his
legal custody or supervision in any state party to this compact, and any
juvenile who has run away from any state party to this compact, who is taken
into custody without a requisition in another state party to this compact under
the provisions of Article IV (a) or of Article V (a), may consent to his
immediate return to the state from which he absconded, escaped or ran away.
Such consent shall be given by the juvenile or delinquent juvenile and his
counsel or guardian ad litem if any, by executing or subscribing a writing, in
the presence of a judge of the appropriate court, which states that the
juvenile or delinquent juvenile and his counsel or guardian ad litem, if any,
consent to his return to the demanding state. Before such consent shall be
executed or subscribed, however, the judge, in the presence of counsel or
guardian ad litem, if any, shall inform the juvenile or delinquent juvenile of
his rights under this compact. When the consent has been duly executed, it
shall be forwarded to and filed with the compact administrator of the state in
which the court is located and the judge shall direct the officer having the
juvenile or delinquent juvenile in custody to deliver him to the duly
accredited officer or officers of the state demanding his return, and shall
cause to be delivered to such officer or officers a copy of the consent. The
court may, however, upon the request of the state to which the juvenile or
delinquent juvenile is being returned order him to return unaccompanied to such
state and shall provide him with a copy of such court order; in such event a
copy of the consent shall be forwarded to the compact administrator of the
state to which said juvenile or delinquent juvenile is ordered to return.
Article VII - Cooperative Supervision of Probationers and Parolees
(a) That the duly constituted judicial and administrative
authorities of a state party to this compact (herein called "sending
state") may permit any delinquent juvenile within such state, placed on
probation or parole, to reside in any other state party to this compact (herein
called "receiving state") while on probation or parole, and the
receiving state shall accept such delinquent juvenile, if the parent, guardian
or person entitled to the legal custody of such delinquent juvenile is residing
or undertakes to reside within the receiving state. Before granting such
permission, opportunity shall be given to the receiving state to make such
investigations as it deems necessary. The authorities of the sending state
shall send to the authorities of the receiving state copies of pertinent court
orders, social case studies and all other available information which may be of
value to and assist the receiving state in supervising a probationer or parolee
under this compact. A receiving state, in its discretion, may agree to accept
supervision of a probationer or parolee in cases where the parent, guardian or
person entitled to the legal custody of the delinquent juvenile is not a
resident of the receiving state, and if so accepted the sending state may
transfer supervision accordingly.
(b) That each receiving state will assume the duties of
visitation and of supervision over any such delinquent juvenile and in the
exercise of those duties will be governed by the same standards of visitation
and supervision that prevail for its own delinquent juveniles released on
probation or parole.
(c) That, after consultation between the appropriate authorities
of the sending state and of the receiving state as to the desirability and
necessity of returning such a delinquent juvenile, the duly accredited officers
of a sending state may enter a receiving state and there apprehend and retake
any such delinquent juvenile on probation or parole. For that purpose, no
formalities will be required, other than establishing the authority of the
officer and the identity of the delinquent juvenile to be retaken and returned.
The decision of the sending state to retake a delinquent juvenile on probation
or parole shall be conclusive upon and not reviewable within the receiving
state, but if, at the time the sending state seeks to retake a delinquent
juvenile on probation or parole, there is pending against him within the
receiving state any criminal charge or any proceeding to have him adjudicated a
delinquent juvenile for any act committed in such state, or if he is suspected
of having committed within such state a criminal offense or an act of juvenile
delinquency, he shall not be returned without the consent of the receiving
state until discharged from prosecution or other form of proceeding,
imprisonment, detention or supervision for such offense or juvenile
delinquency. The duly accredited officers of the sending state shall be
permitted to transport delinquent juveniles being so returned through any and
all states party to this compact, without interference.
(d) That the sending state shall be responsible under this
Article for paying the costs of transporting any delinquent juvenile to the
receiving state or of returning any delinquent juvenile to the sending state.
Article VIII - Responsibility for Costs
(a) That the provisions of Articles IV (b), V (b) and VII
(d) of this compact shall not be construed to alter or affect any internal
relationship among the departments, agencies and officers of and in the
government of a party state, or between a party state and its subdivisions, as
to the payment of costs, or responsibilities therefor.
(b) That nothing in this compact shall be construed to
prevent any party state or subdivision thereof from asserting any right against
any person, agency or other entity in regard to costs for which such party
state or subdivision thereof may be responsible pursuant to Articles IV (b), V
(b) or VII (d) of this compact. Article IX - Detention Practices
That, to every extent possible, it shall be the policy of
states party to this compact that no juvenile or delinquent juvenile shall be
placed or detained in any prison, jail or lockup nor be detained or transported
in association with criminal, vicious or dissolute persons. Article X -
Supplementary Agreements
That the duly constituted administrative authorities of a
state party to this compact may enter into supplementary agreements with any
other state or states party hereto for the cooperative care, treatment and
rehabilitation of delinquent juveniles whenever they shall find that such
agreements will improve the facilities or programs available for such care,
treatment and rehabilitation. Such care, treatment and rehabilitation may be
provided in an institution located within any state entering into such
supplementary agreement. Such supplementary agreements shall (1) provide the
rates to be paid for the care, treatment and custody of such delinquent
juveniles, taking into consideration the character of facilities, services and
subsistence furnished; (2) provide that the delinquent juvenile shall be given
a court hearing prior to his being sent to another state for care, treatment
and custody; (3) provide that the state receiving such a delinquent juvenile in
one of its institutions shall act solely as agent for the state sending such
delinquent juvenile; (4) provide that the sending state shall at all times
retain jurisdiction over delinquent juveniles sent to an institution in another
state; (5) provide for reasonable inspection of such institutions by the
sending state; (6) provide that the consent of the parent, guardian, person or
agency entitled to the legal custody of said delinquent juvenile shall be
secured prior to his being sent to another state; and (7) make provision for
such other matters and details as shall be necessary to protect the rights and
equities of such delinquent juveniles and of the cooperating states. Article XI
- Acceptance of Federal and Other Aid
That any state party to this compact may accept any and all
donations, gifts and grants of money, equipment and services from the federal
or any local government, or any agency thereof and from any person, firm or
corporation, for any of the purposes and functions of this compact, and may
receive and utilize the same subject to the terms, conditions and regulations
governing such donations, gifts and grants. Article XII - Compact
Administrators
That the governor of each state party to this compact shall
designate an officer who, acting jointly with like officers of other party
states, shall promulgate rules and regulations to carry out more effectively
the terms and provisions of this compact. Article XIII - Execution of Compact
That this compact shall become operative immediately upon
its execution by any state as between it and any other state or states so
executing. When executed it shall have the full force and effect of law within
such state, the form of execution to be in accordance with the laws of the
executing state. Article XIV - Renunciation
That this compact shall continue in force and remain
binding upon each executing state until renounced by it. Renunciation of this
compact shall be by the same authority which executed it, by sending six
months' notice in writing of its intention to withdraw from the compact to the
other states party hereto. The duties and obligations of a renouncing state
under Article VII hereof shall continue as to parolees and probationers
residing therein at the time of withdrawal until retaken or finally discharged.
Supplementary agreements entered into under Article X hereof shall be subject
to renunciation as provided by such supplementary agreements, and shall not be
subject to the six months' renunciation notice of the present article. Article
XV - Severability
That the provisions of this compact shall be severable and
if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this compact is declared to be
contrary to the constitution of any participating state or of the United States
or the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstances
is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this compact and the
applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance shall
not be affected thereby. If this compact shall be held contrary to the
constitution of any state participating therein, the compact shall remain in
full force and effect as to the remaining states and in full force and effect as
to the state affected as to all severable matters.
The compacting states to this Interstate Compact recognize that each state is responsible for the proper supervision or return of juveniles, delinquents, and status offenders who are on probation or parole and who have absconded, escaped or run away from supervision and control and in so doing have endangered their own safety and the safety of others. The compacting states also recognize that each state is responsible for the safe return of juveniles who have run away from home and in doing so have left their state of residence. The compacting states also recognize that Congress by enacting the Crime Control Act, 4 U.S.C. § 112 (1965), has authorized and encouraged compacts for cooperative efforts and mutual assistance in the prevention of crime.
It is the purpose of this compact, through means of joint and cooperative action among the compacting states, to (i) ensure that the adjudicated juveniles and status offenders subject to this compact are provided adequate supervision and services in the receiving state as ordered by the adjudicating judge or parole authority in the sending state; (ii) ensure that the public safety interests of the citizens, including the victims of juvenile offenders, in both the sending and receiving states are adequately protected; (iii) return juveniles who have run away, absconded or escaped from supervision or control or have been accused of an offense to the state requesting their return; (iv) make contracts for the cooperative institutionalization in public facilities in member states for delinquent youth needing special services; (v) provide for the effective tracking and supervision of juveniles; (vi) equitably allocate the costs, benefits and obligations of the compacting states; (vii) establish procedures to manage the movement between states of juvenile offenders released to the community under the jurisdiction of courts, juvenile departments, or any other criminal or juvenile justice agency that has jurisdiction over juvenile offenders; (viii) ensure immediate notice to jurisdictions where defined offenders are authorized to travel or to relocate across state lines; (ix) establish procedures to resolve pending charges (detainers) against juvenile offenders prior to transfer or release to the community under the terms of this compact; (x) establish a system of uniform data collection on information pertaining to juveniles subject to this compact that allows access by authorized juvenile justice and criminal justice officials, and regular reporting of compact activities to heads of state executive, judicial, and legislative branches and juvenile and criminal justice administrators; (xi) monitor compliance with rules governing interstate movement of juveniles and initiate interventions to address and correct noncompliance; (xii) coordinate training and education regarding the regulation of interstate movement of juveniles for officials involved in such activity; and (xiii) coordinate the implementation and operation of the compact with the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children, the Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision, and other compacts affecting juveniles particularly in those cases where concurrent or overlapping supervision issues arise. It is the policy of the compacting states that the activities conducted by the Interstate Commission created herein are the formation of public policies and therefore are public business. Furthermore, the compacting states shall cooperate and observe their individual and collective duties and responsibilities for the prompt return and acceptance of juveniles subject to the provisions of this compact. The provisions of this compact shall be reasonably and liberally construed to accomplish the purposes and policies of the compact.
As used in this compact, unless the context clearly requires a different construction:
"Bylaws" means those bylaws established by the Interstate Commission for its governance or for directing or controlling its actions or conduct.
"Commissioner" means the voting representative of each compacting state appointed pursuant to Article III of this compact.
"Compact administrator" means the individual in each compacting state appointed pursuant to the terms of this compact responsible for the administration and management of the state's supervision and transfer of juveniles subject to the terms of this compact, the rules adopted by the Interstate Commission, and policies adopted by the state council under this compact.
"Compacting state" means any state that has enacted the enabling legislation for this compact.
"Court" means any court having jurisdiction over delinquent, neglected, or dependent children.
"Deputy compact administrator" means the individual, if any, in each compacting state appointed to act on behalf of a compact administrator pursuant to the terms of this compact responsible for the administration and management of the state's supervision and transfer of juveniles subject to the terms of this compact, the rules adopted by the Interstate Commission and policies adopted by the state council under this compact.
"Interstate Commission" means the Interstate Commission for Juveniles created by Article III of this compact.
"Juvenile" means any person defined as a juvenile in any member state or by the rules of the Interstate Commission, including:
1. Accused delinquent: a person charged with an offense that, if committed by an adult, would be a criminal offense;
2. Adjudicated delinquent: a person found to have committed an offense that, if committed by an adult, would be a criminal offense;
3. Accused status offender: a person charged with an offense that would not be a criminal offense if committed by an adult;
4. Adjudicated status offender: a person found to have committed an offense that would not be a criminal offense if committed by an adult; and
5. Nonoffender: a person in need of supervision who has not been accused of being or adjudicated a status offender or delinquent.
"Noncompacting state" means any state that has not enacted the enabling legislation for this compact.
"Probation or parole" means any kind of supervision or conditional release of juveniles authorized under the laws of the compacting states.
"Rule" means a written statement by the Interstate Commission promulgated pursuant to Article VI of this compact that is of general applicability, implements, interprets or prescribes a policy or provision of the compact, or an organizational, procedural, or practice requirement of the commission, that has the force and effect of statutory law in a compacting state, and includes the amendment, repeal, or suspension of an existing rule.
"State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia or its designee, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Marianas Islands.
A. The compacting states hereby create the "Interstate Commission for Juveniles." The commission shall be a body corporate and joint agency of the compacting states. The commission shall have all the responsibilities, powers and duties set forth herein and additional powers as may be conferred upon it by subsequent action of the respective legislatures of the compacting states in accordance with the terms of this compact.
B. The Interstate Commission shall consist of commissioners appointed by the appropriate appointing authority in each state pursuant to the rules and requirements of each compacting state and in consultation with the State Council for Interstate Juvenile Supervision created in Article IX. The commissioner shall be the compact administrator, deputy compact administrator, or designee from that state who shall serve on the Interstate Commission in such capacity under or pursuant to the applicable law of the compacting state.
C. In addition to the commissioners who are the voting representatives of each state, the Interstate Commission shall include individuals who are not commissioners but who are members of interested organizations. Such noncommissioner members shall include a member of the national organizations of governors, legislators, state chief justices, attorneys general, Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision, Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children, juvenile justice and juvenile corrections officials, and crime victims. All noncommissioner members of the Interstate Commission shall be ex officio (nonvoting) members. The Interstate Commission may provide in its bylaws for such additional ex officio (nonvoting) members, including members of other national organizations, in such numbers as shall be determined by the commission.
D. Each compacting state represented at any meeting of the commission is entitled to one vote. A majority of the compacting states shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, unless a larger quorum is required by the bylaws of the Interstate Commission.
E. The commission shall meet at least once each calendar year. The chairperson may call additional meetings and, upon the request of a simple majority of the compacting states, shall call additional meetings. Public notice shall be given of all meetings and meetings shall be open to the public.
F. The Interstate Commission shall establish an executive committee, which shall include commission officers, members, and others as determined by the bylaws. The executive committee shall have the power to act on behalf of the Interstate Commission during periods when the Interstate Commission is not in session, with the exception of rulemaking or amendment to the compact. The executive committee shall oversee the day-to-day activities of the administration of the compact managed by an executive director and Interstate Commission staff; administer enforcement and compliance with the provisions of the compact, its bylaws, and rules; and perform other duties as directed by the Interstate Commission or set forth in the bylaws.
G. Each member of the Interstate Commission shall have the right and power to cast a vote to which that compacting state is entitled and to participate in the business and affairs of the Interstate Commission. A member shall vote in person and shall not delegate a vote to another compacting state. However, a commissioner, in consultation with the state council, shall appoint another authorized representative, in the absence of the commissioner from that state, to cast a vote on behalf of the compacting state at a specific meeting. The bylaws may provide for members' participation in meetings by telephone or other means of telecommunication or electronic communication.
H. The Interstate Commission's bylaws shall establish conditions and procedures under which the Interstate Commission shall make its information and official records available to the public for inspection or copying. The Interstate Commission may exempt from disclosure any information or official records to the extent that they would adversely affect personal privacy rights or proprietary interests.
I. Public notice shall be given of all meetings, and all meetings shall be open to the public except as set forth in the rules or as otherwise provided in the compact. The Interstate Commission and any of its committees may close a meeting to the public where it determines by two-thirds vote that an open meeting would be likely to:
1. Relate solely to the Interstate Commission's internal personnel practices and procedures;
2. Disclose matters specifically exempted from disclosure by statute;
3. Disclose trade secrets or commercial or financial information that is privileged or confidential;
4. Involve accusing any person of a crime or formally censuring any person;
5. Disclose information of a personal nature where disclosure would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;
6. Disclose investigative records compiled for law-enforcement purposes;
7. Disclose information contained in or related to examination, operating, or condition reports prepared by, on behalf of, or for the use of the Interstate Commission with respect to a regulated person or entity for the purpose of regulation or supervision of such person or entity;
8. Disclose information the premature disclosure of which would significantly endanger the stability of a regulated person or entity; or
9. Specifically relate to the Interstate Commission's issuance of a subpoena or its participation in a civil action or other legal proceeding.
J. For every meeting closed pursuant to this provision, the Interstate Commission's legal counsel shall publicly certify that, in the legal counsel's opinion, the meeting may be closed to the public and shall reference each relevant exemptive provision. The Interstate Commission shall keep minutes that shall fully and clearly describe all matters discussed in any meeting and shall provide a full and accurate summary of any actions taken and the reasons therefore, including a description of each of the views expressed on any item and the record of any roll call vote (reflected in the vote of each member on the question). All documents considered in connection with any action shall be identified in the minutes.
K. The Interstate Commission shall collect standardized data concerning the interstate movement of juveniles as directed through its rules that shall specify the data to be collected, the means of collection and data exchange, and reporting requirements. Such methods of data collection, exchange, and reporting shall insofar as is reasonably possible conform to up-to-date technology and coordinate its information functions with the appropriate repository of records.
The commission shall have the following powers and duties:
1. To provide for dispute resolution among compacting states;
2. To promulgate rules to effect the purposes and obligations as enumerated in this compact, which shall have the force and effect of statutory law and shall be binding in the compacting states to the extent and in the manner provided in this compact;
3. To oversee, supervise, and coordinate the interstate movement of juveniles subject to the terms of this compact and any bylaws adopted and rules promulgated by the Interstate Commission;
4. To enforce compliance with the compact provisions, the rules promulgated by the Interstate Commission, and the bylaws, using all necessary and proper means, including but not limited to the use of judicial process;
5. To establish and maintain offices that shall be located within one or more of the compacting states;
6. To purchase and maintain insurance and bonds;
7. To borrow, accept, hire, or contract for services of personnel;
8. To establish and appoint committees and hire staff that it deems necessary for carrying out its functions including but not limited to an executive committee as required by Article III that shall have the power to act on behalf of the Interstate Commission in carrying out its powers and duties hereunder;
9. To elect or appoint such officers, attorneys, employees, agents, or consultants and to fix their compensation, define their duties and determine their qualifications and to establish the Interstate Commission's personnel policies and programs relating to, inter alia, conflicts of interest, rates of compensation, and qualifications of personnel;
10. To accept any and all donations and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials, and services, and to receive, utilize, and dispose of it;
11. To lease, purchase, accept contributions or donations of, or otherwise to own, hold, improve or use, any property, real, personal, or mixed;
12. To sell, convey, mortgage, pledge, lease, exchange, abandon, or otherwise dispose of any property, real, personal, or mixed;
13. To establish a budget and make expenditures and levy dues as provided in Article VIII of this compact;
14. To sue and be sued;
15. To adopt a seal and bylaws governing the management and operation of the Interstate Commission;
16. To perform such functions as may be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this compact;
17. To report annually to the legislatures, governors, judiciary, and state councils of the compacting states concerning the activities of the Interstate Commission during the preceding year. Such reports shall also include any recommendations that may have been adopted by the Interstate Commission;
18. To coordinate education, training, and public awareness regarding the interstate movement of juveniles for officials involved in such activity;
19. To establish uniform standards of the reporting, collecting, and exchanging of data; and
20. To maintain its corporate books and records in accordance with the bylaws.
A. Bylaws.
1. The Interstate Commission shall, by a majority of the members present and voting, within 12 months after the first Interstate Commission meeting, adopt bylaws to govern its conduct as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the compact, including but not limited to:
a. Establishing the fiscal year of the Interstate Commission;
b. Establishing an executive committee and such other committees as may be necessary;
c. Providing for the establishment of committees governing any general or specific delegation of any authority or function of the Interstate Commission;
d. Providing reasonable procedures for calling and conducting meetings of the Interstate Commission and ensuring reasonable notice of each such meeting;
e. Establishing the titles and responsibilities of the officers of the Interstate Commission;
f. Providing a mechanism for concluding the operations of the Interstate Commission and the return of any surplus funds that may exist upon the termination of the compact after the payment or reserving of all its debts and obligations;
g. Providing start-up rules for initial administration of the compact; and
h. Establishing standards and procedures for compliance and technical assistance in carrying out the compact.
B. Officers and staff.
1. The Interstate Commission shall, by a majority of the members, elect annually from among its members a chairman and a vice-chairman, each of whom shall have such authority and duties as may be specified in the bylaws. The chairman or, in the chairman's absence or disability, the vice-chairman shall preside at all meetings of the Interstate Commission. The officers so elected shall serve without compensation or remuneration from the Interstate Commission; provided that, subject to the availability of budgeted funds, the officers shall be reimbursed for any ordinary and necessary costs and expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties and responsibilities as officers of the Interstate Commission.
2. The Interstate Commission shall, through its executive committee, appoint or retain an executive director for such period, upon such terms and conditions, and for such compensation as the Interstate Commission may deem appropriate. The executive director shall serve as secretary to the Interstate Commission but shall not be a member and shall hire and supervise such other staff as may be authorized by the Interstate Commission.
C. Qualified immunity, defense and indemnification.
1. The commission's executive director and employees shall be immune from suit and liability, either personally or in their official capacity, for any claim for damage to or loss of property or personal injury or other civil liability caused by, arising out of, or relating to any actual or alleged act, error, or omission that occurred or that such person had a reasonable basis for believing occurred within the scope of commission employment, duties, or responsibilities; however, any such person shall not be protected from suit or liability for any damage, loss, injury, or liability caused by the intentional or willful and wanton misconduct of any such person.
2. The liability of any commissioner or the employee or agent of a commissioner, acting within the scope of such person's employment or duties, for acts, errors, or omissions occurring within such person's state may not exceed the limits of liability set forth under the constitution and laws of that state for state officials, employees, and agents. Nothing in this subdivision shall be construed to protect any such person from suit or liability for any damage, loss, injury, or liability caused by the intentional or willful and wanton misconduct of any such person.
3. The Interstate Commission shall defend the executive director or the employees or representatives of the Interstate Commission and, subject to the approval of the attorney general of the state represented by any commissioner of a compacting state, shall defend such commissioner or the commissioner's representatives or employees in any civil action seeking to impose liability arising out of any actual or alleged act, error, or omission that occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities or that the defendant had a reasonable basis for believing occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities, provided that the actual or alleged act, error, or omission did not result from intentional or willful and wanton misconduct on the part of such person.
4. The Interstate Commission shall indemnify and hold the commissioner of a compacting state, the commissioner's representatives or employees, or the Interstate Commission's representatives or employees harmless in the amount of any settlement or judgment obtained against such persons arising out of any actual or alleged act, error, or omission that occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities or that such persons had a reasonable basis for believing occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities, provided that the actual or alleged act, error, or omission did not result from intentional or willful and wanton misconduct on the part of such persons.
A. The Interstate Commission shall promulgate and publish rules in order to effectively and efficiently achieve the purposes of the compact.
B. Rulemaking shall occur pursuant to the criteria set forth in this article and the bylaws and rules adopted pursuant thereto. Such rulemaking shall substantially conform to the principles of the Model State Administrative Procedure Act, 1981 Act, Uniform Laws Annotated, vol. 15, p. 1 (2000), or such other administrative procedures act, as the Interstate Commission deems appropriate consistent with due process requirements under the U.S. Constitution as now or hereafter interpreted by the U.S. Supreme Court. All rules and amendments shall become binding as of the date specified, as published with the final version of the rule as approved by the commission.
C. When promulgating a rule, the Interstate Commission shall, at a minimum:
1. Publish the proposed rule's entire text, stating the reasons for that proposed rule;
2. Allow and invite any and all persons to submit written data, facts, opinions and arguments, which information shall be added to the record and be made publicly available;
3. Provide an opportunity for an informal hearing if petitioned by 10 or more persons; and
4. Promulgate a final rule and its effective date, if appropriate, based on input from state or local officials or interested parties.
D. Allow, not later than 60 days after a rule is promulgated, any interested person to file a petition in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or in the federal district court where the Interstate Commission's principal office is located for judicial review of such rule. If the court finds that the Interstate Commission's action is not supported by substantial evidence in the rulemaking record, the court shall hold the rule unlawful and set it aside. For purposes of this subsection, evidence is substantial if it would be considered substantial evidence under the Model State Administrative Procedure Act.
E. If a majority of the legislatures of the compacting states rejects a rule, those states may, by enactment of a statute or resolution in the same manner used to adopt the compact, cause that such rule shall have no further force and effect in any compacting state.
F. The existing rules governing the operation of the Interstate Compact on Juveniles superseded by this act shall be null and void 12 months after the first meeting of the Interstate Commission created hereunder.
G. Upon determination by the Interstate Commission that a state of emergency exists, it may promulgate an emergency rule that shall become effective immediately upon adoption, provided that the usual rulemaking procedures provided hereunder shall be retroactively applied to the rule as soon as reasonably possible, but no later than 90 days after the effective date of the emergency rule.
A. Oversight.
1. The Interstate Commission shall oversee the administration and operations of the interstate movement of juveniles subject to this compact in the compacting states and shall monitor such activities being administered in noncompacting states that might significantly affect compacting states.
2. The courts and executive agencies in each compacting state shall enforce this compact and shall take all actions necessary and appropriate to effectuate the compact's purposes and intent. The provisions of this compact and the rules promulgated hereunder shall be received by all the judges, public officers, commissions, and departments of the state government as evidence of the authorized statute and administrative rules. All courts shall take judicial notice of the compact and the rules. In any judicial or administrative proceeding in a compacting state pertaining to the subject matter of this compact that may affect the powers, responsibilities or actions of the Interstate Commission, it shall be entitled to receive all service of process in any such proceeding and shall have standing to intervene in the proceeding for all purposes.
B. Dispute resolution.
1. The compacting states shall report to the Interstate Commission on all issues and activities necessary for the administration of the compact as well as issues and activities pertaining to compliance with the provisions of the compact and its bylaws and rules.
2. The Interstate Commission shall attempt, upon the request of a compacting state, to resolve any disputes or other issues that are subject to the compact and that may arise among compacting states and between compacting and noncompacting states. The commission shall promulgate a rule providing for both mediation and binding dispute resolution for disputes among the compacting states.
3. The Interstate Commission, in the reasonable exercise of its discretion, shall enforce the provisions and rules of this compact using any means set forth in Article XI of this compact.
A. The Interstate Commission shall pay or provide for the payment of the reasonable expenses of its establishment, organization, and ongoing activities.
B. The Interstate Commission shall levy on and collect an annual assessment from each compacting state to cover the cost of the internal operations and activities of the Interstate Commission and its staff that shall be in a total amount sufficient to cover the Interstate Commission's annual budget as approved each year. The aggregate annual assessment amount shall be allocated based upon a formula to be determined by the Interstate Commission, taking into consideration the population of each compacting state and the volume of interstate movement of juveniles in each compacting state and shall promulgate a rule binding upon all compacting states that governs said assessment.
C. The Interstate Commission shall not incur any obligations of any kind prior to securing the funds adequate to meet them; nor shall the Interstate Commission pledge the credit of any of the compacting states, except by and with the authority of the compacting state.
D. The Interstate Commission shall keep accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements. The receipts and disbursements of the Interstate Commission shall be subject to the audit and accounting procedures established under its bylaws. However, all receipts and disbursements of funds handled by the Interstate Commission shall be audited yearly by a certified or licensed public accountant, and the report of the audit shall be included in and become part of the annual report of the Interstate Commission.
Each member state shall create a State Council for Interstate Juvenile Supervision. While each state may determine the membership of its own state council, its membership shall include at least one representative from the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government, victims groups, and the compact administrator, deputy compact administrator, or designee. Each compacting state retains the right to determine the qualifications of the compact administrator or deputy compact administrator. Each state council will advise and may exercise oversight and advocacy concerning that state's participation in Interstate Commission activities and other duties as may be determined by that state, including but not limited to development of policy concerning operations and procedures of the compact within that state.
A. Any state, the District of Columbia or its designee, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Marianas Islands are eligible to become a compacting state.
B. The compact shall become effective and binding upon legislative enactment of the compact into law by no less than 35 of the states. The initial effective date shall be the later of July 1, 2004, or upon enactment of the compact into law by the 35th jurisdiction. Thereafter it shall become effective and binding as to any other compacting state upon enactment of the compact into law by that state. The governors of nonmember states or their designees shall be invited to participate in the activities of the Interstate Commission on a nonvoting basis prior to adoption of the compact by all states and territories of the United States.
C. The Interstate Commission may propose amendments to the compact for enactment by the compacting states. No amendment shall become effective and binding upon the Interstate Commission and the compacting states unless and until it is enacted into law by unanimous consent of the compacting states.
A. Withdrawal.
1. Once effective, the compact shall continue in force and remain binding upon each compacting state; provided that a compacting state may withdraw from the compact by specifically repealing the statute that enacted the compact into law.
2. The effective date of withdrawal is the effective date of the repeal.
3. The withdrawing state shall immediately notify the chairman of the Interstate Commission in writing upon the introduction of legislation repealing this compact in the withdrawing state. The Interstate Commission shall notify the other compacting states of the withdrawing state's intent to withdraw within 60 days of its receipt thereof.
4. The withdrawing state is responsible for all assessments, obligations, and liabilities incurred through the effective date of withdrawal, including any obligations the performance of which extends beyond the effective date of withdrawal.
5. Reinstatement following withdrawal of any compacting state shall occur upon the withdrawing state's reenacting the compact or upon such later date as determined by the Interstate Commission.
B. Technical assistance, fines, suspension, termination, and default.
1. If the Interstate Commission determines that any compacting state has at any time defaulted in the performance of any of its obligations or responsibilities under this compact, the bylaws, or duly promulgated rules, the Interstate Commission may impose any or all of the following penalties:
a. Remedial training and technical assistance as directed by the Interstate Commission;
b. Alternative dispute resolution;
c. Fines, fees, and costs in such amounts as are deemed to be reasonable as fixed by the Interstate Commission; and
d. Suspension or termination of membership in the compact, which shall be imposed only after all other reasonable means of securing compliance under the bylaws and rules have been exhausted and the Interstate Commission has therefore determined that the offending state is in default. Immediate notice of suspension shall be given by the Interstate Commission to the governor, the chief justice or the chief judicial officer of the state, the majority and minority leaders of the defaulting state's legislature, and the state council. The grounds for default include but are not limited to failure of a compacting state to perform such obligations or responsibilities imposed upon it by this compact, the bylaws, or duly promulgated rules and any other grounds designated in commission bylaws and rules. The Interstate Commission shall immediately notify the defaulting state in writing of the penalty imposed by the Interstate Commission and of the default pending a cure of the default. The commission shall stipulate the conditions and the time period within which the defaulting state shall cure its default. If the defaulting state fails to cure the default within the time period specified by the commission, the defaulting state shall be terminated from the compact upon an affirmative vote of a majority of the compacting states and all rights, privileges, and benefits conferred by this compact shall be terminated from the effective date of termination.
2. Within 60 days of the effective date of the termination of a defaulting state, the commission shall notify the governor, the chief justice or chief judicial officer, the majority and minority leaders of the defaulting state's legislature, and the state council.
3. The defaulting state is responsible for all assessments, obligations, and liabilities incurred through the effective date of termination, including any obligations the performance of which extends beyond the effective date of termination.
4. The Interstate Commission shall not bear any costs relating to the defaulting state unless otherwise mutually agreed upon in writing between the Interstate Commission and the defaulting state.
5. Reinstatement following termination of any compacting state requires both a reenactment of the compact by the defaulting state and the approval of the Interstate Commission pursuant to the rules.
C. Judicial enforcement.
The Interstate Commission may, by majority vote of the members, initiate legal action in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or, at the discretion of the Interstate Commission, in the federal district where the Interstate Commission has its offices, to enforce compliance with the provisions of the compact, its duly promulgated rules, and bylaws, against any compacting state in default. In the event that judicial enforcement is necessary, the prevailing party shall be awarded all costs of such litigation, including reasonable attorney fees.
D. Dissolution of compact.
1. The compact dissolves effective upon the date of the withdrawal or default of the compacting state that reduces membership in the compact to one compacting state.
2. Upon the dissolution of this compact, the compact becomes null and void and shall be of no further force or effect, and the business and affairs of the Interstate Commission shall be concluded and any surplus funds shall be distributed in accordance with the bylaws.
A. The provisions of this compact shall be severable, and if any phrase, clause, sentence, or provision is deemed unenforceable, the remaining provisions of the compact shall be enforceable.
B. The provisions of this compact shall be liberally construed to effectuate its purposes.
A. Other laws.
1. Nothing herein prevents the enforcement of any other law of a compacting state that is not inconsistent with this compact.
2. All compacting states' laws other than state constitutions and other interstate compacts conflicting with this compact are superseded to the extent of the conflict.
B. Binding effect of the compact.
1. All lawful actions of the Interstate Commission, including all rules and bylaws promulgated by the Interstate Commission, are binding upon the compacting states.
2. All agreements between the Interstate Commission and the compacting states are binding in accordance with their terms.
3. When there is a conflict over meaning or interpretation of Interstate Commission, the Interstate Commission may issue advisory opinions regarding such meaning or interpretation upon the request of a party to the conflict and upon a majority vote of the compacting states.
4. In the event that any provision of this compact exceeds the constitutional limits imposed on the legislature of any compacting state, the obligations, duties, powers, or jurisdiction sought to be conferred by such provision upon the Interstate Commission shall be ineffective, and such obligations, duties, powers, or jurisdiction shall remain in the compacting state and shall be exercised by the agency thereof to which such obligations, duties, powers, or jurisdiction are delegated by law in effect at the time this compact becomes effective.
§ 16.1-323.1. State Council for Interstate Compact for Juveniles.
A. The Virginia Council for the Interstate Compact for Juveniles (the Council) is created as a policy council, within the meaning of § 2.2-2100, in the executive branch of state government. The Council shall consist of five members:
1. One representative of the legislative branch appointed by the Joint Rules Committee;
2. One representative of the judicial branch appointed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court;
3. One representative of the executive branch appointed by the Governor;
4. One nonlegislative citizen member, representing a victims’ group appointed by the Governor; and
5. One nonlegislative citizen member who in addition to serving as a member of the Council shall serve as the Compact administrator for Virginia, appointed by the Governor.
The appointments shall be subject to confirmation by the General Assembly. The legislative members and other state officials appointed to the Council shall serve terms coincident with their terms of office. Members who are not state officials shall be appointed for four-year terms. All members may be reappointed. Appointments to fill vacancies, other than by expiration of a term, shall be made for the unexpired terms. Vacancies shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointments.
B. The Council shall appoint the compact administrator as the Virginia commissioner to the Interstate Commission. The Virginia commissioner shall serve on the Interstate Commission in such capacity under or pursuant to the applicable laws of this Commonwealth.
C. The Council shall exercise oversight and advocacy concerning its participation in interstate commission activities and other duties as may be determined by the Council, including development of policies concerning operations and procedures of the Compact within Virginia.
D. The Council shall elect a chairman and vice-chairman annually. A majority of the members of the Council shall constitute a quorum. Meetings of the Council shall be held at the call of the chairman or whenever the majority of the members so request.
E. Legislative members of the Council shall receive such compensation as provided in § 30-19.12 and nonlegislative citizen members shall receive such compensation as provided in § 2.2-2813 for their services. All members shall be reimbursed for all reasonable and necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties as provided in §§ 2.2-2813 and 2.2-2825. Funding for the costs of compensation and expenses of the members shall be provided by the Department of Juvenile Justice.
F. The Department of Juvenile Justice shall provide staff support to the Council.
2. That §§ 16.1-324 through 16.1-330 of the Code of Virginia are repealed.
3. That § 16.1-323 of the Code of Virginia shall govern the covered interactions between the Commonwealth and those jurisdictions that have not ratified the Interstate Compact for Juveniles.
4. That the provisions of this act shall become effective on the later of July 1, 2007, or upon enactment of the Interstate Compact for Juveniles, in substantially the form set out in § 16.1-323 of the Code of Virginia, by no less than 35 states as provided in § 16.1-323 of the Code of Virginia. In making a determination that this act has come into effect, the Governor may rely on the written representation of the National Institute of Corrections of the United States Department of Justice.