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- Subject Index: Since 1995
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Developed and maintained by the Division of Legislative Automated Systems.
2006 SESSION
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That §§ 17.1-213, 42.1-77, 42.1-78, 42.1-79, 42.1-82, 42.1-85, 42.1-86, 42.1-86.1, and 42.1-87 of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted, and the Code of Virginia is amended by adding sections numbered 42.1-76.1 and 42.1-90.1 as follows:
§ 17.1-213. Disposition of papers in ended cases.
A. All case files for cases ended prior to January 1, 1913,
shall be permanently maintained in hardcopy form, either in the locality served
by the circuit court where such files originated or in The Library of Virginia
in accordance with the provisions of §§ 42.1-83 and 42.1-86 and
subsection C of § 42.1-87.
B. The following records for cases ending on or after January 1, 1913, may be destroyed in their entirety at the discretion of the clerk of each circuit court after having been retained for 10 years after conclusion:
1. Conditional sales contracts;
2. Concealed weapons permit applications;
3. Minister appointments;
4. Petitions for appointment of trustee;
5. Name changes;
6. Nolle prosequi cases;
7. Civil actions that are voluntarily dismissed, including nonsuits, cases that are dismissed as settled and agreed, cases that are dismissed with or without prejudice, cases that are discontinued or dismissed under § 8.01-335 and district court appeals dismissed under § 16.1-113 prior to 1988;
8. Misdemeanor and traffic cases, including those which were commenced on a felony charge but concluded as a misdemeanor;
9. Suits to enforce a lien;
10. Garnishments;
11. Executions except for those covered in § 8.01-484;
12. Miscellaneous oaths and qualifications, but only if the order or oath or qualification is spread in the appropriate order book; and
13. Civil cases pertaining to declarations of habitual offender status and full restoration of driving privileges.
C. All other records or cases ending on or after January 1, 1913, may be destroyed in their entirety at the discretion of the clerk of each circuit court subject to the following guidelines:
1. All civil case files to which subsection D does not pertain may be destroyed after 20 years from the court order date.
2. All criminal cases dismissed, including those not a true bill, acquittals and not guilty verdicts, may be destroyed after 10 years from the court order date.
3. All criminal case files involving a felony conviction may be destroyed (i) after 20 years from the sentencing date or (ii) when the sentence term ends, whichever comes later.
D. Under the provisions of subsections B and C, the entire file of any case deemed by the local clerk of court to have historical value, as defined in § 42.1-77, or genealogical or sensational significance shall be retained permanently as shall all cases in which the title to real estate is established, conveyed or condemned by an order or decree of the court. The final order for all cases in which the title to real estate is so affected shall include an appropriate notification thereof to the clerk.
E. Except as provided in subsection A, the clerk of a circuit court may cause (i) any or all ended records, papers, or documents pertaining to civil and criminal cases which have been ended for a period of three years or longer; (ii) any unexecuted search warrants and affidavits for unexecuted search warrants, provided at least three years have passed since issued; (iii) any abstracts of judgments; and (iv) original wills, to be destroyed if such records, papers, documents, or wills no longer have administrative, fiscal, historical, or legal value to warrant continued retention, provided such records, papers, or documents have been microfilmed or converted to an electronic format. Such microfilm and microphotographic processes and equipment shall meet state archival microfilm standards pursuant to § 42.1-82, or such electronic format shall follow state electronic records guidelines, and such records, papers, or documents so converted shall be placed in conveniently accessible files and provisions made for examining and using same. The clerk shall further provide security negative copies of any such microfilmed materials for storage in The Library of Virginia.
§ 42.1-76.1. Notice of Chapter.
Any person elected, reelected, appointed, or reappointed to the governing body of any agency subject to this chapter shall (i) be furnished by the agency or public body's administrator or legal counsel with a copy of this chapter within two weeks following election, reelection, appointment, or reappointment and (ii) read and become familiar with the provisions of this chapter.
§ 42.1-77. Definitions.
As used in this chapter:
"Agency" means all boards, commissions, departments, divisions, institutions, authorities, or parts thereof, of the Commonwealth or its political subdivisions and includes the offices of constitutional officers.
"Archival quality" means a quality of reproduction
consistent with established standards specified by state and national agencies
and organizations responsible for establishing such standards, such as the
Association for Information and Image Management, the American National Standards
Association Institute, and the National Bureau Institute
of Standards and Technology.
"Archival record" means a public record of
continuing and enduring value useful to the citizens of the Commonwealth and
necessary to the administrative functions of public agencies in the conduct of
services and activities mandated by law that is identified on a Library of
Virginia approved records retention and disposition schedule as having
sufficient informational value to be permanently maintained by the
Commonwealth. In appraisal of public records deemed archival, the terms
"administrative," "fiscal," "historical," and
"legal" value shall be defined as:
1. "Administrative value": Records shall be
deemed of administrative value if they have continuing utility in the operation
of an agency.
2. "Fiscal value": Records shall be deemed of
fiscal value if they are needed to document and verify financial
authorizations, obligations, and transactions.
3. "Historical value": Records shall be deemed of
historical value if they contain unique information, regardless of age, that
provides understanding of some aspect of the government and promotes the
development of an informed and enlightened citizenry.
4. "Legal value": Records shall be deemed of
legal value if they document actions taken in the protection and proving of
legal or civil rights and obligations of individuals and agencies.
"Archives" means the program administered by The Library of Virginia for the preservation of archival records.
"Board" means the State Library Board.
"Conversion" means the act of moving electronic records to a different format, especially data from an obsolete format to a current format.
"Custodian" means the public official in charge of an office having public records.
"Disaster plan" means the information maintained by an agency that outlines recovery techniques and methods to be followed in case of an emergency that impacts the agency's records.
"Electronic record" means a public record whose creation, storage, and access require the use of an automated system or device. Ownership of the hardware, software, or media used to create, store, or access the electronic record has no bearing on a determination of whether such record is a public record.
"Essential public record" means records that are required for recovery and reconstruction of any agency to enable it to resume its core operations and functions and to protect the rights and interests of persons.
"Librarian of Virginia" means the State Librarian of Virginia or his designated representative.
"Lifecycle" means the creation, use, maintenance, and disposition of a public record.
"Metadata" means data describing the context, content, and structure of records and their management through time.
"Migration" means the act of moving electronic records from one information system or medium to another to ensure continued access to the records while maintaining the records' authenticity, integrity, reliability, and usability.
"Original record" means the first generation of the
information and is the superior preferred version of a record.
Archival records should to the maximum extent possible be original records.
"Preservation" means the processes and operations involved in ensuring the technical and intellectual survival of authentic records through time.
"Private record" means a record that does not relate to or affect the carrying out of the constitutional, statutory, or other official ceremonial duties of a public official, including the correspondence, diaries, journals, or notes that are not prepared for, utilized for, circulated, or communicated in the course of transacting public business.
"Public official" means all persons holding any office created by the Constitution of Virginia or by any act of the General Assembly, the Governor and all other officers of the executive branch of the state government, and all other officers, heads, presidents or chairmen of boards, commissions, departments, and agencies of the state government or its political subdivisions.
"Public record" or "record" means recorded information that documents a transaction or activity by or with any public officer, agency or employee of an agency. Regardless of physical form or characteristic, the recorded information is a public record if it is produced, collected, received or retained in pursuance of law or in connection with the transaction of public business. The medium upon which such information is recorded has no bearing on the determination of whether the recording is a public record.
For purposes of this chapter, "public record" shall
not include nonrecord materials, meaning reference books and exhibit
materials made or acquired and preserved solely for reference use or exhibition
purposes, extra copies of documents preserved only for convenience or
reference, and stocks of publications.
"Records retention and disposition schedule" means a Library of Virginia-approved timetable stating the required retention period and disposition action of a records series. The administrative, fiscal, historical, and legal value of a public record shall be considered in appraising its appropriate retention schedule. The terms "administrative," "fiscal," "historical," and "legal" value shall be defined as:
1. "Administrative value": Records shall be deemed of administrative value if they have continuing utility in the operation of an agency.
2. "Fiscal value": Records shall be deemed of fiscal value if they are needed to document and verify financial authorizations, obligations, and transactions.
3. "Historical value": Records shall be deemed of historical value if they contain unique information, regardless of age, that provides understanding of some aspect of the government and promotes the development of an informed and enlightened citizenry.
4. "Legal value": Records shall be deemed of legal value if they document actions taken in the protection and proving of legal or civil rights and obligations of individuals and agencies.
§ 42.1-78. Confidentiality safeguarded.
Any records made confidential by law shall be so treated.
Records which by law are required to be closed to the public shall not be
deemed to be made open to the public under the provisions of this chapter.
Records in the custody of The Library of Virginia which are required to be
closed to the public shall be open for public access 100 75 years
after the date of creation of the record. No provision of this chapter shall be
construed to authorize or require the opening of any records ordered to be
sealed by a court. All records deposited in the archives that are not made
confidential by law shall be open to public access.
§ 42.1-79. Records management function vested in The Library of Virginia.
A. The archival and records management function shall
be vested in the State The Library of Virginia Board.
The State Library of Virginia Board shall be the official
custodian and trustee for the Commonwealth of all public records of whatever
kind, and regardless of physical form or characteristics, that are
transferred to it from any agency. As the Commonwealth's official repository of
public records, The Library of Virginia shall assume ownership and
administrative control of such records on behalf of the Commonwealth. The
Library of Virginia shall own and operate any equipment necessary to manage and
retain control of electronic archival records in its custody, but may, at its
discretion, contract with third-party entities to provide any or all services
related to managing archival records on equipment owned by the contractor, by
other third parties, or by The Library of Virginia.
B. The Librarian of Virginia shall name a State Archivist who shall perform such functions as the Librarian of Virginia assigns.
C. Whenever legislation affecting public records management and preservation is under consideration, The Library of Virginia shall review the proposal and advise the General Assembly on the effects of its proposed implementation.
§ 42.1-82. Duties and powers of Library Board.
A. The State Library Board shall:
1. Issue regulations to facilitate the creation,
preservation, storage, filing, reformatting, management, and destruction of
public records by all agencies. Such regulations shall establish procedures for
records management containing recommendations for the retention, disposal or
other disposition of public records; procedures for the physical destruction or
other disposition of public records proposed for disposal; standards for the
reproduction of records by photocopy or microphotography processes with the
view to the disposal of the original records. The concerning
procedures for the disposal, physical destruction or other disposition of
public records containing social security numbers. The procedures shall
include all reasonable steps to destroy such documents by (i) shredding, (ii)
erasing, or (iii) otherwise modifying the social security numbers in those
records to make them unreadable or undecipherable by any means. Such
standards shall relate to the quality of film used, preparation of the records
for filming, proper identification of the records so that any individual
document or series of documents can be located on the film with reasonable
facility, and that the copies contain all significant record detail, to the end
that the photographic or microphotographic copies shall be of archival quality.
2. Issue regulations specifying permissible qualities of
paper, ink, and other materials to be used by agencies for public record
purposes. The Board shall determine the specifications for and shall select and
make available to all agencies lists of approved papers, photographic
materials, ink, or other writing materials for archival public records, and
only those approved may be purchased for use in the making of such records.
These regulations and specifications shall also apply to clerks of courts of
record.
3. Provide assistance to agencies in determining what
records no longer have administrative, legal, fiscal, or historical archival
value and should be destroyed or disposed of in another manner. Each public
official having in his custody public records shall assist the Board in the
preparation of an inventory of all public records in his custody and in
preparing a suggested schedule for retention and disposition of such records.
No land or personal property book shall be destroyed without being first
offered to The Library of Virginia for preservation.
All records created prior to the Constitution of 1902 that
are declared archival may be transferred to the archives.
Issue regulations and guidelines designed to facilitate the creation, preservation, storage, filing, reformatting, management, and destruction of public records by agencies. Such regulations shall mandate procedures for records management and include recommendations for the creation, retention, disposal, or other disposition of public records.
B. The State Library Board may establish advisory committees composed of persons with expertise in the matters under consideration to assist the Library Board in developing regulations and guidelines.
§ 42.1-85. Records Management Program; agencies to cooperate; agencies to designate records officer.
A. The Librarian Library of Virginia shall administer a records management program for the application of efficient and
economical management methods to the creation, utilization,
maintenance, retention, preservation, and disposal for managing the
lifecycle of public records consistent with rules, regulations,
or standards and guidelines promulgated by the State Library Board,
including operations operation of a records center or centers. It
shall be the duty of the The Librarian Library of
Virginia to shall establish procedures and techniques for the
effective management of public records, to make continuing surveys of paper
work operations records and records keeping practices, and to
recommend improvements in current records management practices, including the
use of space, equipment, software, and supplies employed in creating,
maintaining, and servicing records.
B. It shall be the duty of any Any agency
with public records to shall cooperate with the Librarian The
Library of Virginia in conducting surveys. and to Each
agency shall establish and maintain an active, continuing program for the
economical and efficient management of the records of such agency. The
agency shall be responsible for ensuring that its public records are preserved,
maintained, and accessible throughout their lifecycle, including converting and
migrating electronic records as often as necessary so that information is not
lost due to hardware, software, or media obsolescence or deterioration. Any
public official who converts or migrates an electronic record shall ensure that
it is an accurate copy of the original record. The converted or migrated record
shall have the force of the original.
C. Each state agency and political subdivision of this Commonwealth shall designate as many as appropriate, but at least one, records officer to serve as a liaison to The Library of Virginia for the purposes of implementing and overseeing a records management program, and coordinating legal disposition, including destruction, of obsolete records. Designation of state agency records officers shall be by the respective agency head. Designation of a records officer for political subdivisions shall be by the governing body or chief administrative official of the political subdivision. Each entity responsible for designating a records officer shall provide The Library of Virginia with the name and contact information of the designated records officer, and shall ensure that such information is updated in a timely manner in the event of any changes.
D. The Library of Virginia shall develop and make available training and education opportunities concerning the requirements of and compliance with this chapter for records officers in the Commonwealth.
§ 42.1-86. Essential public records; security recovery copies; disaster plans.
A. In cooperation with the head of each agency, the
Librarian The Library of Virginia shall establish and maintain a
program for the selection and preservation of essential public records considered
essential to the operation of government and for the protection of the rights
and interests of persons. He The program shall provide for
preserving, classifying, arranging, and indexing essential public records so
that such records are made available to the public. and The
program shall make security provide for making recovery
copies or designate as security recovery copies existing copies
of such essential public records.
B. Security Recovery copies shall be
of archival quality meet quality standards established by The Library of
Virginia and shall be made by photographic, photostatic, microfilm,
microcard, miniature photographic, or other a process which that
accurately reproduces the record and forms a durable medium. A
recovery copy may also be made by creating a paper or electronic copy of an
original electronic record. Security Recovery copies shall
have the same force and effect for all purposes as the original record and
shall be as admissible in evidence as the original record whether the original
record is in existence or not. Security Recovery copies shall be
preserved in the place and manner prescribed by the State Library Board and the
Governor. Public records deemed unnecessary for the transaction of the
business of any agency, yet deemed to be of archival value, may be transferred
with the consent of the Librarian of Virginia to the custody of The Library of
Virginia.
C. The Library of Virginia shall develop a plan to ensure preservation of public records in the event of disaster or emergency as defined in § 44-146.16. This plan shall be coordinated with the Department of Emergency Management and copies shall be distributed to all agency heads. The plan shall be reviewed and updated at least once every five years. The personnel of the Library shall be responsible for coordinating emergency recovery operations when public records are affected. Each agency shall ensure that a plan for the protection and recovery of public records is included in its comprehensive disaster plan.
§ 42.1-86.1. Disposition of public records.
A. No agency shall sell or give away public records. No agency shall destroy or discard a public record unless (i) the record appears on a records retention and disposition schedule approved pursuant to § 42.1-82 and the record's retention period has expired; (ii) a certificate of records destruction, as designated by the Librarian of Virginia, has been properly completed and approved by the agency's designated records officer; and (iii) there is no litigation, audit, investigation, request for records pursuant to the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.), or renegotiation of the relevant records retention and disposition schedule pending at the expiration of the retention period for the applicable records series. After a record is destroyed or discarded, the agency shall forward the original certificate of records destruction to The Library of Virginia.
B. No agency shall destroy any public record created before 1912 without first offering it to The Library of Virginia.
§ 42.1-87. Archival public records.
A. Custodians of archival public records shall keep them in fire-resistant, environmentally controlled, physically secure rooms designed to ensure proper preservation and in such arrangement as to be easily accessible. Current public records should be kept in the buildings in which they are ordinarily used. It shall be the duty of each agency to consult with The Library of Virginia to determine the best manner in which to store long-term or archival electronic records. In entering into a contract with a third-party storage provider for the storage of public records, an agency shall require the third-party to cooperate with The Library of Virginia in complying with rules and regulations promulgated by the Board.
B. Public records deemed unnecessary for the transaction of the business of any state agency, yet deemed to be of archival value, may be transferred with the consent of the Librarian of Virginia to the custody of the Library of Virginia.
C. Public records deemed unnecessary for the transaction of the business of any county, city, or town, yet deemed to be of archival value, shall be stored either in The Library of Virginia or in the locality, at the decision of the local officials responsible for maintaining public records. Archival public records shall be returned to the locality upon the written request of the local officials responsible for maintaining local public records. Microfilm shall be stored in The Library of Virginia but the use thereof shall be subject to the control of the local officials responsible for maintaining local public records.
Each agency shall establish and maintain an active and
continuing program for the economic and efficient management of public records.
D. Record books deemed archival should be copied or repaired, renovated or rebound if worn, mutilated, damaged or difficult to read. Whenever the public records of any public official are in need of repair, restoration or rebinding, a judge of the court of record or the head of such agency or political subdivision of the Commonwealth may authorize that the records in need of repair be removed from the building or office in which such records are ordinarily kept, for the length of time necessary to repair, restore or rebind them, provided such restoration and rebinding preserves the records without loss or damage to them. Before any restoration or repair work is initiated, a treatment proposal from the contractor shall be submitted and reviewed in consultation with The Library of Virginia. Any public official who causes a record book to be copied shall attest it and shall certify an oath that it is an accurate copy of the original book. The copy shall then have the force of the original.
E. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to divest
agency heads of the authority to determine the nature and form of the records
required in the administration of their several departments or to compel the
removal of records deemed necessary by them in the performance of their
statutory duty. Whenever legislation affecting public records management and
preservation is under consideration, The Library of Virginia shall review the
proposal and advise the General Assembly on the effects of its proposed
implementation.
§ 42.1-90.1. Auditing.
The Librarian may, in his discretion, conduct an audit of the records management practices of any agency. Any agency subject to the audit shall cooperate and provide the Library with any records or assistance that it requests. The Librarian shall compile a written summary of the findings of the audit and any actions necessary to bring the agency into compliance with this chapter. The summary shall be a public record, and shall be made available to the agency subject to the audit, the Governor, and the chairmen of the House and Senate Committees on General Laws and the House Appropriations and Senate Finance Committees of the General Assembly.
2. That §§ 42.1-83 and 42.1-91 of the Code of Virginia are repealed.