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- Subject Index: Since 1995
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Developed and maintained by the Division of Legislative Automated Systems.
2005 SESSION
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That §§ 8.01-400.2, 16.1-356, 16.1-361 and 60.2-219 of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted as follows:
§ 8.01-400.2. Communications between certain mental health professionals and clients.
Except at the request of or with the consent of the client, no
licensed professional counselor, as defined in § 54.1-3500; licensed clinical
social worker, as defined in § 54.1-3700,; or licensed
psychologist, as defined in § 54.1-3600; or licensed marriage and family
therapist, as defined in § 54.1-3500, shall be required in giving testimony
as a witness in any civil action to disclose any information communicated to
him in a confidential manner, properly entrusted to him in his professional
capacity and necessary to enable him to discharge his professional or
occupational services according to the usual course of his practice or
discipline, wherein such person so communicating such information about himself
or another is seeking professional counseling or treatment and advice relative
to and growing out of the information so imparted; provided, however, that when
the physical or mental condition of the client is at issue in such action, or
when a court, in the exercise of sound discretion, deems such disclosure
necessary to the proper administration of justice, no fact communicated to, or
otherwise learned by, such practitioner in connection with such counseling,
treatment or advice shall be privileged, and disclosure may be required. The
privileges conferred by this section shall not extend to testimony in matters
relating to child abuse and neglect nor serve to relieve any person from the
reporting requirements set forth in § 63.2-1509.
§ 16.1-356. Raising question of competency to stand trial; evaluation and determination of competency.
A. If, at any time after the attorney for the juvenile has
been retained or appointed pursuant to a delinquency proceeding and before the
end of trial, the court finds, sua sponte or upon hearing evidence or
representations of counsel for the juvenile or the attorney for the
Commonwealth, that there is probable cause to believe that the juvenile lacks
substantial capacity to understand the proceedings against him or to assist his
attorney in his own defense, the court shall order that a competency evaluation
be performed by at least one psychiatrist, clinical psychologist, licensed
professional counselor, or licensed clinical social worker, or
licensed marriage and family therapist, who is qualified by training and
experience in the forensic evaluation of juveniles.
The Commissioner of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services shall approve the training and qualifications for individuals authorized to conduct juvenile competency evaluations and provide restoration services to juveniles pursuant to this article. The Commissioner shall also provide all juvenile courts with a list of guidelines for the court to use in the determination of qualifying individuals as experts in matters relating to juvenile competency and restoration.
B. The evaluation shall be performed on an outpatient basis at a community services board or behavioral health authority, juvenile detention home or juvenile justice facility unless the court specifically finds that (i) the results of the outpatient competency evaluation indicate that hospitalization of the juvenile for evaluation of competency is necessary or (ii) the juvenile is currently hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital. If one of these findings is made, the court, under authority of this subsection, may order the juvenile sent to a hospital designated by the Commissioner of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services as appropriate for the evaluation of juveniles against whom a delinquency petition has been filed.
C. The court shall require the attorney for the Commonwealth
to provide to the evaluators appointed under subsection A any information
relevant to the evaluation, including, but not limited to (i) a copy of the
warrant or petition, (ii) the names and addresses of the attorney for the
Commonwealth, the attorney for the juvenile, and the judge ordering the
evaluation,; and (iii) information about the alleged offense. The
court shall require the attorney for the juvenile to provide to the evaluator
only the psychiatric records and other information that is deemed relevant to
the evaluation of competency. The moving party shall provide the evaluator a
summary of the reasons for the evaluation request. All information required by
this subsection shall be provided to the evaluator within ninety-six 96
hours of the issuance of the court order requiring the evaluation and when
applicable, shall be submitted prior to admission to the facility providing the
inpatient evaluation. If the ninety-six 96-hour period expires on
a Saturday, Sunday or other legal holiday, the ninety-six 96 hours
shall be extended to the next day which is not a Saturday, Sunday or legal
holiday.
D. If the juvenile is hospitalized under the provisions of
subsection B, the juvenile shall be hospitalized for such time as the director
of the hospital deems necessary to perform an adequate evaluation of the
juvenile's competency, but not to exceed ten 10 days from the
date of admission to the hospital. All evaluations shall be completed and the
report filed with the court within fourteen 14 days of receipt by
the evaluator of all information required under subsection C.
E. Upon completion of the evaluation, the evaluator shall
promptly and in no event exceeding fourteen 14 days after receipt
of all required information submit the report in writing to the court and the
attorneys of record concerning (i) the juvenile's capacity to understand the
proceedings against him; (ii) his ability to assist his attorney; and (iii) his
need for services in the event he is found incompetent, including a description
of the suggested necessary services and least restrictive setting to assist the
juvenile in restoration to competency. No statements of the juvenile relating
to the alleged offense shall be included in the report.
F. After receiving the report described in subsection E, the court shall promptly determine whether the juvenile is competent to stand trial for adjudication or disposition. A hearing on the juvenile's competency is not required unless one is requested by the attorney for the Commonwealth or the attorney for the juvenile or when required under § 16.1-357 B. If a hearing is held, the party alleging that the juvenile is incompetent shall bear the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence the juvenile's incompetency. The juvenile shall have the right to notice of the hearing and the right to personally participate in and introduce evidence at the hearing.
If the juvenile is otherwise able to understand the charges against him and assist in his defense, a finding of incompetency shall not be made based solely on any or all of the following: (i) the juvenile's age or developmental factors, (ii) the juvenile's claim to be unable to remember the time period surrounding the alleged offense, or (iii) the fact that the juvenile is under the influence of medication.
§ 16.1-361. Compensation of experts.
Each psychiatrist, clinical psychologist, licensed clinical social worker, licensed professional counselor, licensed marriage and family therapist, or other expert appointed by the court to render professional service pursuant to § 16.1-356, shall receive a reasonable fee for such service. With the exception of services provided by state mental health or mental retardation facilities, the fee shall be determined in each instance by the court that appointed the expert, in accordance with guidelines established by the Supreme Court after consultation with the Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services. If any such expert is required to appear as a witness in any hearing held pursuant to § 16.1-356, he shall receive mileage and a fee of $100 for each day during which he is required to serve. An itemized account of expenses, duly sworn to, must be presented to the court, and when allowed shall be certified to the Supreme Court for payment out of the state treasury, and be charged against the appropriations made to pay criminal charges. Allowance for the fee and for the per diem authorized shall also be made by order of the court, duly certified to the Supreme Court for payment out of the appropriation to pay criminal charges.
§ 60.2-219. Services not included in term "employment".
The term "employment" shall not include:
1. Service performed in the employ of the United States government or of any instrumentality of the United States which is wholly or partially owned by the United States or which is exempt from the tax imposed by § 3301 of the Federal Internal Revenue Code by virtue of any provision of law which specifically refers to such section (or the corresponding section of prior law) in granting such exemption;
2. Service with respect to which unemployment compensation is payable under an unemployment compensation system established by an act of Congress, including service performed after June 30, 1939, for an employer determined to be subject to the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act (45 U.S.C. § 351 et seq.) by the agency or agencies empowered to make such determination by an act of Congress, and service as an employer representative determined to be subject to such act by such agency or agencies. The Commission is hereby authorized and directed to enter into agreements with the proper agencies under such act of Congress, which agreements shall become effective 10 days after publication thereof, in the manner provided in § 60.2-111 for general rules, to provide reciprocal treatment to individuals who have, after acquiring potential rights to benefits under this title, acquired rights to unemployment compensation under such act of Congress, or who have, after acquiring potential rights to unemployment compensation under such act of Congress, acquired rights to benefits under this title;
3. Agricultural labor as defined in § 60.2-201 except as provided for in § 60.2-214;
4. Domestic service in a private home, local college club or local chapter of a college fraternity or sorority except as provided for in § 60.2-215;
5. Service performed on or in connection with a vessel or aircraft not an American vessel or American aircraft by an employee, if the employee is employed on and in connection with such vessel or aircraft when outside the United States;
6. Service performed by an individual in, or as an officer or member of the crew of, a vessel while it is engaged in the catching, taking, harvesting, cultivating or farming of any kind of fish, shellfish, crustacea, sponges, seaweeds or other aquatic forms of animal and vegetable life, including service performed by any such individual as an ordinary incident to any such activity, except (i) service performed in connection with the catching or taking of salmon or halibut for commercial purposes and (ii) service performed on or in connection with a vessel of more than 10 net tons, determined in the manner provided for determining the register tonnage of merchant vessels under the laws of the United States;
6a. Service performed by an individual on a boat engaged in catching fish or other forms of aquatic life under an arrangement with the owner or operator of such boat pursuant to which:
a. Such individual does not receive any cash remuneration, other than as provided in subdivision b of subsection 6a;
b. Such individual receives a share of the boat's, or the boats' in the case of a fishing operation involving more than one boat, catch of fish or other forms of aquatic animal life, or a share of the proceeds from the sale of such catch; and
c. The amount of such individual's share depends on the amount of the boat's, or the boats' in the case of a fishing operation involving more than one boat, catch of fish or other forms of aquatic animal life, but only if the operating crew of such boat, or each boat from which the individual receives a share in the case of a fishing operation involving more than one boat is normally made up of fewer than 10 individuals;
7. Service performed by an individual in the employ of his son, daughter, or spouse and service performed by a child under the age of 21 in the employ of his father or mother;
8. Service performed in any calendar quarter in the employ of any organization exempt from income tax (i) under § 501 (a) of the Federal Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C.), other than an organization described in § 401 (a) of such Code, or (ii) under § 521 of the Federal Internal Revenue Code, if the remuneration for such service is less than $50;
9. Service performed in the employ of a school, college or university, if such service is performed by a student who is enrolled and is regularly attending classes at such school, college or university;
10. Service performed as a student nurse in the employ of a hospital or a nurses' training school by an individual who is enrolled and is regularly attending classes in a nurses' training school chartered or approved pursuant to state law;
11. Service performed as an intern in the employ of a hospital by an individual who has completed a four-year course in a medical school chartered or approved pursuant to state law;
12. Service performed by an individual for an employing unit as an insurance agent or as an insurance solicitor, if all such service performed by such individual for such employing unit is performed for remuneration solely by way of commission;
13. Service performed by an individual for an employing unit as a real estate salesman, if all such service performed by such individual for such employing unit is performed for remuneration solely by way of commission;
14. Service covered by an arrangement between the Commission and the agency charged with the administration of any other state or federal unemployment compensation law pursuant to which all services performed by an individual for an employing unit during the period covered by such employing unit's duly approved election are deemed to be performed entirely within such agency's state or under such federal law;
15. Service performed by an individual for an employing unit as an agent in the wholesale distribution and sale of gasoline and other petroleum products, if all such service performed by such individual for such employing unit is performed for remuneration solely by way of commission;
16. Service not in the course of the employer's trade or business performed in any calendar quarter by an employee, unless the cash remuneration paid for such service is $50 or more and such service is performed by an individual who is regularly employed by such employer to perform such service. For the purposes of this subdivision, an individual shall be deemed to be regularly employed by an employer during a calendar quarter only if (i) on each of some 24 days during such quarter such individual performs for such employer for some portion of the day service not in the course of the employer's trade or business, or (ii) such individual was regularly employed, as determined under clause (i) of this subdivision, by such employer in the performance of such service during the preceding calendar quarter;
17. a. Service performed by an individual who is enrolled at a nonprofit or public educational institution which normally maintains a regular faculty and curriculum and normally has a regularly organized body of students in attendance at the place where its educational activities are carried on. In order for such services to be excluded from "employment":
(1) The individual shall be enrolled as a student in a full-time program,
(2) The program shall be taken for credit at such institution,
(3) The program combines academic instruction with work experience, and
(4) Such service shall be an integral part of such program.
b. Such institution shall certify to the employer that subdivisions 17 a (1) through 17 a (4) of this section have been met.
c. This subdivision shall not apply to service performed in a program established for or on behalf of an employer or group of employers;
18. Service performed in the employ of a hospital, if such service is performed by a patient of the hospital, as defined in § 60.2-221;
19. Services provided by an individual pursuant to an agreement among the service recipient, a public human services agency as defined in § 15.2-2811, and such individual to an eligible service recipient in his own home or the home of the service provider, unless coverage of such services is required by the provisions of § 3304 (a) (6) (A) of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act;
20. Services performed by an individual as a "direct seller" provided that:
a. Such person:
(1) Is engaged in the trade or business of selling, or soliciting the sale of, consumer products to any buyer on a buy-sell basis, a deposit-commission basis, or any similar basis which the Secretary of the Treasury prescribes by regulations for resale by the buyer or any other person in the home or otherwise than in a permanent retail establishment;
(2) Is engaged in the trade or business of selling, or soliciting the sale of, consumer products to a consumer in the home or otherwise than in a permanent retail establishment; or
(3) Is engaged in the trade or business of the delivery or distribution of newspapers or shopping news (including any delivery services directly related to such trade or business).
b. Substantially all of the remuneration for the services performed as a direct seller, whether or not paid in cash, is directly related to sales or output, including the performances of services, rather than to the number of hours worked;
c. The services performed by the person are performed pursuant to a written contract between such person and the person for whom the services are performed and such contract provides that the person will not be treated as an employee with respect to such services for federal tax purposes;
21. Service performed after July 1, 1984, by an individual as a taxicab driver, or as a driver of an executive sedan as defined in § 46.2-2000, provided the Commission is furnished evidence that such individual is excluded from taxation by the Federal Unemployment Tax Act;
22. Services performed by an individual as a "contract carrier courier driver" provided the Commission is furnished evidence that such individual is excluded from taxation by the Federal Unemployment Tax Act;
23. Services performed by a full-time student in the employ of an organized camp if:
a. Such camp:
(1) Did not operate for more than seven months in the calendar year and did not operate for more than seven months in the preceding calendar year; or
(2) Had average gross receipts for any six months in the preceding calendar year which were not more than 33 1/3 percent of its average gross receipts for the other six months in the preceding calendar year; and
b. Such full-time student performed services in the employ of such camp for less than 13 calendar weeks in such calendar year;
24. Services performed by an individual as a court reporter for an employing unit if all such service performed by the individual for the employing unit is performed for remuneration solely by way of commission;
25. Services performed by an individual as a cosmetologist or as a barber provided the Commission is furnished evidence that such individual is excluded from taxation by the Federal Unemployment Tax Act;
26. Services performed by a licensed clinical social worker as
defined in § 54.1-3700, licensed psychologist as defined in § 54.1-3600,
licensed professional counselor as defined in § 54.1-3500 or,
licensed psychiatrist, or licensed marriage and family therapist as defined
in § 54.1-3500, if such individual:
a. Operates under a contract specifying that the individual is free from control or direction over the performance of such services;
b. Is licensed in the Commonwealth to perform independent clinical services;
c. Is compensated solely by way of fees charged for services rendered by such individual; and
d. Has a valid business license issued by the locality in which such individual performs such services; and
27. Services performed by an inmate for a penal or custodial institution or while participating in the Diversion Center Incarceration Program pursuant to § 19.2-316.3.