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2003 SESSION
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That § 15.2-961 of the Code of Virginia is amended and reenacted as follows:
§ 15.2-961. Replacement of trees during development process in certain localities.
A. Any locality with a population density of at least seventy-five 75 persons
per square mile may adopt an ordinance providing for the planting and replacement of trees during the
development process pursuant to the provisions of this section. Population
density shall be based upon the latest population estimates of the Cooper
Center for Public Service of the University of Virginia.
B. The ordinance shall require that the site plan for any subdivision or
development include the planting or replacement of trees on the site to the
extent that, at twenty 20 years, minimum tree canopies or covers will be
provided in areas to be designated in the ordinance, as follows:
1. Ten percent tree canopy for a site zoned business, commercial, or industrial;
2. Ten percent tree canopy for a residential site zoned twenty 20 or more units
per acre;
3. Fifteen percent tree canopy for a residential site zoned more than ten 10
but less than twenty 20 units per acre; and
4. Twenty percent tree canopy for a residential site zoned ten 10 units or less
per acre.
However, any city that was established prior to 1780 may require at ten 10
years the minimum tree canopies or covers set out above.
C. The ordinance shall provide for reasonable provisions for reducing the tree canopy requirements or granting tree cover credit in consideration of the preservation of existing tree cover or for preservation of trees of outstanding age, size or physical characteristics.
D. The ordinance shall provide for reasonable exceptions to or deviations from these requirements to allow for the reasonable development of farm land or other areas devoid of healthy or suitable woody materials, for the preservation of wetlands, or otherwise when the strict application of the requirements would result in unnecessary or unreasonable hardship to the developer. In such instances, the ordinance may provide for a tree canopy bank whereby a portion of a development's tree canopy requirement may be met from off-site planting or replacement of trees at the direction of the locality. The following shall be exempt from the requirements of any tree replacement or planting ordinance promulgated under this section: dedicated school sites, playing fields and other nonwooded recreation areas, and other facilities and uses of a similar nature.
For purposes of this section:
"Tree canopy" or "tree cover" includes all areas of coverage by plant material
exceeding five feet in height, and the extent of canopy at maturity shall be
based on published reference texts generally accepted by landscape architects,
nurserymen, and arborists in the community, and the texts shall be specified in
the ordinance.
E. The ordinance may designate or provide a system for rating the desirability
for planting of various tree species that cannot be planted to meet minimum
tree canopy requirements due to tendencies of such species to (i) negatively impact native
plant communities, (ii) cause damage to nearby structures and infrastructure,
or (iii) possess inherent physiological traits that cause such trees to
structurally fail. All trees to be planted shall meet the specifications of
the American Association of Nurserymen. The planting of trees shall be done in
accordance with either the standardized landscape specifications jointly
adopted by the Virginia Nurserymen's Association, the Virginia Society of
Landscape Designers and the Virginia Chapter of the American Society of
Landscape Architects, or the road and bridge specifications of the Virginia
Department of Transportation.
F. Existing trees which are to be preserved may be included to meet all or part of the canopy requirements, and may include wooded preserves, if the site plan identifies such trees and the trees meet standards of desirability and life-year expectancy which the locality may establish.
G. For purposes of this section:
"Tree canopy" or "tree cover" includes all areas of coverage by plant material exceeding five feet in height, and the extent of planted tree canopy at 10 or 20 years maturity. Planted canopy at 10 or 20 years maturity shall be based on published reference texts generally accepted by landscape architects, nurserymen, and arborists in the community, and the texts shall be specified in the ordinance.
C H. Penalties for violations of ordinances adopted pursuant to this section
shall be the same as those applicable to violations of zoning ordinances of the locality.
D I. In no event shall any local tree replacement or planting ordinance adopted
pursuant to this section exceed the requirements set forth herein.
E J. Nothing in this section shall be construed to invalidate any local
ordinance adopted pursuant to the provisions of this section prior to July 1, 1990, which imposes standards for
tree replacement or planting during the development process.
K. Nothing in this section shall invalidate any local ordinance adopted by a city that was established prior to 1780, which imposes standards for 10-year-minimum tree cover replacement or planting during the development process.
L. Nothing in this section shall invalidate any local ordinance adopted pursuant to the provisions of this section after July 1, 1990, which imposes standards for 20-year-minimum tree cover replacement or planting during the development process.